Show MySQL errors that occur when I excute $wpdb->insert()

I have the same problem as Nathan ($wpdb->last_error doesn't show the query on error), obviously, the solution to the specific case was to change the type of data to the column that caused the error … but if the error were different, for example, an incorrect date, or a null value where the field does not support it, as I can show the error that is generated in the database when the $ wpdb-> insert ($ this-> table, $ data_) function is executed;

I have tried to do this by enclosing that function in a try {} catch {} but I don’t have the expected behavior. I share the example code I am using in the class-example.php file.

<?php

class Example{

function insert_example(&$msgError){
  $msgError='';
  global $wpdb;
  try{
      
      //throw new Exception('Help please!!!!'); //This works correctly
  
      $wpdb->query('SET AUTOCOMMIT = 0');// Specify 0 here
      // Start Transaction
      $wpdb->query( "START TRANSACTION" );
      //Inserto cabecera
      $resul_insert_01 = $wpdb->insert( 'wp_wc_xxxxxx',   
        array( 
          'column_01' => $arry001['column_01'], 
          'column_02' => $arry001['column_01'],
        )
      );
      if (!($resul_insert_01))
      {
        $wpdb->query( "ROLLBACK" );
        throw new Exception('No se pudo grabar la informacion en wp_wc_xxxxxx');
        //exit($e->getMessage());
        //exit();
      }

      $Id_new = $wpdb->insert_id;
      //Insert details 01
      foreach ($array002 as $arr002) {  
        $resul_insert_02 = $wpdb->insert(   'wp_wc_yyyyyy',   
                        array( 
                          'id_wp_wc_xxxxxx' => $Id_new, 
                          'column_01' => $arr002['column_01'], 
                          'column_02' => $arr002['column_02']
                        )
        );
        if (!($resul_insert_02))
        {
            $wpdb->query( "ROLLBACK" );
            throw new Exception('No se pudo grabar la informacion en wp_wc_yyyyyy');
            //exit($e->getMessage());   
            //exit();
        }
      }
      
      //Insert details 02
      foreach ($array003 as $arr003) {
        

            $resul_insert_03 = $wpdb->insert(   'wp_wc_zzzzzz',   
                            array( 
                              'id_wp_wc_xxxxxx' => $Id_new, 
                              'column_01' => $arr003["column_01"], 
                              'column_01' => '0000' //column length is 2, but try insert 4 characters
                            )
            );
        
        if (!($resul_insert_03))
        {

            $wpdb->query( "ROLLBACK" );
            throw new Exception('No se pudo grabar la informacion en wp_wc_zzzzzz');
        }   
      }
      
      //Confirmo transacción

      $wpdb->query( "COMMIT" );
      return true;
  }catch ( Exception $e ) {
    
    //$wpdb->query( "ROLLBACK" );
    $msgError = $e->getMessage();
    //echo $e->getMessage();
    return false;
  }
}

}

If I remove the comment from the line * // throw new Exception ('Help please !!!!'); *, if I get the expected behavior, that is, I catch the error in the variable $ msgError, but with the rest I can’t get the other error that occurs on the line that indicates * // column length is 2, but try insert 4 characters *
When I call the function from another side (test.php), it doesn’t detect the error and the code execution doesn’t progress, however there is no sample of any error message. What I want to do is, capture the error message that occurs in the database and insert it as a note in a woocommerce order.