Man cannot read manpage from NFS, although the file is readable

I have an issue reading man pages that live on an NFS mount. I managed to isolate it to the following minimal example. The man page file is on an NFS mount /data and its path is /data/program.1

I can print the file to the console with cat /data/program.1 so I definitely have read permissions (755 on the directories involved and 644 on the file, with nothing else like ACL or sticky bits etc.)

However, man -l /data/program.1 does not work in general.

But mysteriously enough, immediately after reading the file or its metadata (e.g. a successful ls /data/program.1) suddenly man -l /data/program.1 does work for a short while (~30 seconds), looks related to some cache. Although it still seems nondeterministic (after the ls, it mostly works but if I do it repeatedly, some attempts do not work, then works again back and forth)

However, strangely enough, the whole problem only exists on some client machines, on other client machines of the same NFS server (with identical mount options) there is no issue whatsoever.

When it "doesn’t work" it outputs man: /data/program.1: Permission denied

Using strace man -l /data/program.1 I see the following relevant line:

stat("/data/program.1", 0x7ffe5ac9c9e0) = -1 EACCES (Permission denied)

And if I just run man program (with the appropriate MANPATH), I see:

access("/data/program.1", R_OK) = -1 EACCES (Permission denied)

I therefore thought the access call cannot be done, but when I compile my own C program to call it, it works (prints 0):

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
  printf("%d", access("/data/program.1", R_OK));
}

What could be the issue here?

I looked at the source code of man and perhaps it has something to do with this line (https://git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/man-db.git/tree/src/man.c#n3746) drop_effective_privs()? Otherwise I cannot explain why everything has access to the file (cat, head, my own C program etc.), but man doesn’t (except when another program has recently read the metadata).

Ubuntu 18.04 is installed both on the clients and the server. The mount looks like this:

x.x.x.x:/srv/nfs/data on /data type nfs4 (rw,relatime,vers=4.2,rsize=1048576,wsize=1048576,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=x.x.x.x,fsc,local_lock=none,addr=x.x.x.x)

  # TCP/UDP network access for NFS
  network inet stream,
  network inet6 stream,
  network inet dgram,
  network inet6 dgram,