Tikz: Drawing a grid-matrix with text specifications and coloring

I am new to Tikz and I am trying to draw a very specific graph. It contains several features that with my limited knowledge I am unable to make. It is a grid type of drawing with some text specifications, as the attached picture, . This is only the first step of a series of drawings I would like to make, to add animation. Checking on other posts it seems that it can be done with tikz or pgfplot, but I’m not sure which one is better to later add some animation, like grid filling.

The code that I have so far is the following one, trying to draw a grid with tikz as the first step, but it looks quite tedious.

 documentclass[24point]{article}
    usepackage{tikz}
    
    begin{document}
    
    begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={minimum size=.5cm-pgflinewidth, outer sep=0pt}]
     draw[thin, step=0.5cm,color=black] (0,3) grid (6,0.5);
    node[] at (+0.25,+1.25) {0};
    node[] at (+0.75,+1.25) {0};
    node[] at (+1.25,+1.25) {0};
    node[] at (+1.75,+1.25) {0};
    node[fill=lightgray] at (+2.25,+1.25) {1};
    node[fill=lightgray] at (+2.75,+1.25) {1};
    node[fill=lightgray] at (+3.25,+1.25) {1};
    node[fill=lightgray] at (+3.75,+1.25) {1};
    node[fill=gray] at (+4.25,+1.25) {1};
    node[] at (+4.75,+1.25) {0};
    node[] at (+5.25,+1.25) {0};
    node[] at (+5.75,+1.25) {0};
    node[] at (+0.25,+1.75) {0};
    node[] at (+0.75,+1.75) {0};
    node[] at (+1.25,+1.75) {0};
    node[] at (+1.75,+1.75) {0};
    node[fill=lightgray] at (+2.25,+1.75) {1};
    node[] at (+2.75,+1.75) {0};
    node[] at (+3.25,+1.75) {0};
    node[] at (+3.75,+1.75) {0};
    node[] at (+4.25,+1.75) {0};
    node[] at (+4.75,+1.75) {0};
    node[] at (+5.25,+1.75) {0};
    node[] at (+5.75,+1.75) {0};
    node[] at (+0.25,+2.75) {1};
    node[] at (+0.75,+2.75) {2};
   node[] at (+1.25,+2.75) {3};
   node[] at (+1.75,+2.75) {4};
   node[] at (+2.25,+2.75) {5};
   node[] at (+2.75,+2.75) {6};
   node[] at (+3.25,+2.75) {7};
   node[] at (+3.75,+2.75) {8};
   node[] at (+4.25,+2.75) {9};
   node[] at (+4.75,+2.75) {10};
   node[] at (+5.25,+2.75) {11};
   node[] at (+5.75,+2.75) {12};
    end{tikzpicture}
        
    
    end{document}

I will appreciate any directions to follow from there.

EDIT
The following code is my version with matrix tikz. Still, I need to add more space between lines, the double line between rows, and the text vertical text on the side. I took part of the code from The simplest way to fill a matrix of nodes?

    documentclass[24point]{article}
            usepackage{tikz}
            
            begin{document}
    
     tikzstyle{matrici}=[
           matrix of math nodes, 
          nodes in empty cells,
          column sep=-pgflinewidth, % to avoid double borders in contiguous cells
       nodes={
        draw, 
       align=center, 
      inner sep=0pt, 
        text width=0.5cm, 
        minimum height=0.5cm
    }
    ]
    
         begin{tikzpicture} 
        
       
        matrix[matrici, 
         row 1/.style={nodes={draw=none, fill=none}},
row 2/.style={nodes={draw=none, fill=none}},
row 3/.style={nodes={draw=none, fill=none}},
row 2 column 1/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 2 column 2/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 2 column 3/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 2 column 4/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 2 column 5/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 2 column 6/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 2 column 7/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 2 column 8/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 2 column 9/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 2 column 10/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 2 column 11/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 2 column 12/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 3 column 1/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 3 column 2/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 3 column 3/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 3 column 4/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 3 column 5/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 3 column 6/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 3 column 7/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 3 column 8/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 3 column 9/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 3 column 10/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 3 column 11/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 3 column 12/.style={nodes={font=small}},
row 2 column 5/.style={nodes={fill=gray!20, font=small}},
row 3 column 5/.style={nodes={fill=gray!30, font=small}},
row 3 column 6/.style={nodes={fill=gray!30, font=small}},
row 3 column 7/.style={nodes={fill=gray!30, font=small}},
row 3 column 8/.style={nodes={fill=gray!30, font=small}},
row 3 column 9/.style={nodes={fill=gray!20, font=small}},
]  
(X)  
{1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12 
0 &  0   & 0  & 0  & 1   &  0 & 0   & 0  & 0  &  0  &  0   & 0 
0 & 0   & 0  & 0  & 1   &  1 & 1   & 1  & 1  &  0  &  0   & 0 
&&&&&&&&&&&
};

draw[->, thick] (-0.80,-1.6) -- (1,-1.6);

draw [densely dashed] (-1,-1.1) -- (-1,-1.7);

draw [densely dashed] (1.25,-1.1) -- (1.25,-1.7);
end{tikzpicture}  
        
        end{tikzpicture}   
    end{document}