Putting a table next to a figure

Question

I created a table and I would like to put a figure next to this table (see picture attached.

The caption can be the same for both of them.
I would probably need to increase the space between rows in order to align the table with the figure.
The table can be positioned either right or left.

I leave you my code:
documentclass{article}
usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
usepackage[super]{natbib}
usepackage{comment}
usepackage{graphicx}
usepackage{float}
usepackage{hyperref}
hypersetup{
    colorlinks,
    citecolor=black,
    filecolor=black,
    linkcolor=black,
    urlcolor=black
}
usepackage{amsmath}
usepackage{mathtools}
usepackage{amssymb}
usepackage{amsfonts}
usepackage{caption}
usepackage{adjustbox}
usepackage{lipsum}
usepackage{lscape}
usepackage{multicol}
usepackage{longtable}
usepackage{chngcntr}
counterwithin{figure}{section}
counterwithin{table}{section}
captionsetup[figure]{font=small,labelfont=bf}
captionsetup[table]{font=small,labelfont=bf}
usepackage[justification=centering]{caption}
usepackage{eurosym}
usepackage{mhchem}
usepackage{relsize}
usepackage[table, dvipsnames]{xcolor}
renewcommand*descriptionlabel[1]{hspaceleftmargin$#1$}
usepackage{enumitem}

usepackage{array,ragged2e}
newcolumntype{C}{>{Centeringhspace{0pt}}p{0.1textwidth}}
usepackage[output-decimal-marker={,}]{siunitx}

usepackage{booktabs, makecell, tabularx}
newcolumntype{L}{>{raggedrightarraybackslash}X}
newcolumntype{M}{p{dimexpr 0.25textwidth-2tabcolsep}}
newcolumntype{P}[1]{>{centeringarraybackslash}p{#1}}

usepackage{longtable,array,ragged2e}
newlengthmylen
setlengthmylen{dimexpr0.25textwidth-1.5tabcolsep-0.25arrayrulewidthrelax}
newcolumntype{Z}{>{RaggedRight}p{mylen}}

usepackage[export]{adjustbox}   % <---
usepackage{booktabs, tabularx}
usepackage{array}
usepackage{booktabs,tabularx}
usepackage[export]{adjustbox}

makeatletter
newcommand*{rom}[1]{expandafter@slowromancapromannumeral #1@}
makeatother
defchangemargin#1#2{list{}{rightmargin#2leftmargin#1}item[]}
letendchangemargin=endlist

bibliographystyle{abbrvnat}
setcitestyle{authoryear,open={(},close={)}}
begin{document}

begin{table}[h]
resizebox{0.5textwidth}{!}{%
begin{tabular}{lcc}
toprule
                    & Deterministic   & Stochastic 
                    midrule
Mean                & euro430,96M        & euro429,89M   
StDev               & euro6,36M          & euro5,44M     
n                   & 100             & 100        
midrule
Best SP result      & multicolumn{2}{c}{-euro4,40M}  
Worst SP result     & multicolumn{2}{c}{+euro2,89M}  
Average performance & multicolumn{2}{c}{-euro1,08M}  
t-test              & multicolumn{2}{c}{3,87E-10}
hline
end{tabular}%
}
caption{Analysis of the comparison between the SP and the deterministic model.}
label{tab:my-table}
end{table}

begin{figure}[H]
centerline{includegraphics[scale=0.26]{SD5.png}}
begin{changemargin}{0.5cm}{0.5cm}
vspace*{-1mm}
caption{Analysis of the comparison between the SP and the deterministic model.}
end{changemargin}
label{fig}
end{figure}
vspace{-8mm}

Daniel N · Accepted Answer

My point of view was to have the image and the table inside a tikzpicture.
The table is the content of a node.

I scaled down the figure and table to have them side by side "without exceeding the margins".

You didn't provide the image, so I created it as a drawing in the tikzpicture environment.  If you want to use it, change the code and use includegraphics in the content of a node.  In general, if possible, draw instead of include!

In the code below, I kept only the commands needed for the compilation. At first sight, your preamble seems heavy.

documentclass[a4paper]{article}
usepackage{eurosym}
usepackage{booktabs, tabularx}

usepackage{tikz}
usetikzlibrary{calc, math}
usepackage{lipsum}

begin{document}

lipsum[1]

begin{table}[ht]
  centering
  tikzmath{real r; r=2.1; }
  begin{tikzpicture}[scale=.9]
    fill[green!30!black] (0, 0) circle (r);
    fill[gray!40] (0, 0) -- (r, 0) arc (0:90:r) -- cycle;
    path (r*.45, r*.4)
    node[text width=8em, align=center, scale=.7] {Deterministic 25%};
    path (-r*.45, -r*.4)
    node[white, text width=6em, align=center, scale=.7] {textbf{Stochastic 75%}};
    
    path (r+.5, 0) node[right, scale=.9] {%
      begin{tabular}{lcc}
        toprule
        & Deterministic & Stochastic 
        midrule
        Mean                & euro430,96M  & euro429,89M   
        StDev               & euro6,36M    & euro5,44M     
        n                   & 100           & 100        
        midrule
        Best SP result      & multicolumn{2}{c}{-euro 4,40M}  
        Worst SP result     & multicolumn{2}{c}{+euro 2,89M}  
        Average performance & multicolumn{2}{c}{-euro 1,08M}  
        t-test              & multicolumn{2}{c}{3,87e-10}
        hline
      end{tabular}
    };
  end{tikzpicture}
  caption{Analysis of the comparison between the SP and the deterministic model.}
  label{tab:my-table}
end{table}

lipsum[2-3]

end{document}

Zarko · Answer

I guess that you looking for this:

documentclass{article}
usepackage{eurosym}             % <---
usepackage{caption}
usepackage[export]{adjustbox}   % <---
usepackage{booktabs, tabularx}

begin{document}
begin{table}[ht]
    begin{tabularx}{linewidth}{@{}c X @{}}
    includegraphics[width=0.3 linewidth,valign=c]{example-image-duck}
    &   
        begin{tabular}{lcc}
            toprule
        & Deterministic   & Stochastic 
                    midrule
        Mean                & euro430,96M  & euro429,89M   
        StDev               & euro6,36M    & euro5,44M     
        n                   & 100           & 100        
        midrule
        Best SP result      & multicolumn{2}{c}{-euro 4,40M}  
        Worst SP result     & multicolumn{2}{c}{+euro 2,89M}  
        Average performance & multicolumn{2}{c}{-euro 1,08M}  
        t-test              & multicolumn{2}{c}{3,87E-10}
hline
end{tabular}
    end{tabularx}
caption{Analysis of the comparison between the SP and the deterministic model.}
label{tab:my-table}
end{table}
end{document}

TivV · Answer

If you want the tabular and image to take up the same amount of vertical space, you have to resize the tabular, as in your version it takes up more than half of the space. (In principle, I agree with @Zarko's answer to just resize the image and leave the tabular alone.)
Here is one way to resize the table - using a resizebox:
documentclass{article}
usepackage{graphicx}
usepackage{eurosym}
usepackage{array}
usepackage{booktabs,tabularx}
usepackage[export]{adjustbox}

begin{document}
text text text text text

begin{table}[ht]
    begin{tabularx}{textwidth}{@{} X X @{}}
        includegraphics[width=linewidth,valign=c]{example-image-a}
        
        &
        resizebox{linewidth}{!}{
                begin{tabular}{lcc}
                    toprule
                    & Deterministic &    Stochastic     midrule
                    Mean                & euro430,96M  &   euro429,89M   
                    StDev               &  euro6,36M   &    euro5,44M    
                    n                   &      100      &       100         midrule
                    Best SP result      & multicolumn{2}{c}{-euro 4,40M} 
                    Worst SP result     & multicolumn{2}{c}{+euro 2,89M} 
                    Average performance & multicolumn{2}{c}{-euro 1,08M} 
                    t-test              & multicolumn{2}{c}{3,87e-10}      hline % or bottomrule to keep in theme with toprule and midrule...
                end{tabular}
        }
    end{tabularx}
    caption{Analysis of the comparison between the SP and the deterministic model.}
    label{tab:my-table}
end{table}

end{document}

Note that this takes the whole table and shrinks it, thus resulting in a smaller font size and thickness of rules, potentially looking a bit out of place (which is why I prefer Zarko's answer).

Putting a table next to a figure

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