How to put the caption of a subfigure in table style (or array style)

I have the following code to put some figures alongside.

begin{figure*}[!htb]{
 subfigure[test]{label{fig:test}includegraphics[scale=0.3]{test.pdf}}
 end{figure*}

This code works correctly. I want to have a table in the subcaption of the subfigure, but putting array or tabular does not work. I’ve tried the following code:

begin{figure*}[!htb]{
 subfigure[
  $begin{array}{cc}
  a & b \
  c & d
  end{array}$
  ]
  {label{fig:test}includegraphics[scale=0.3]{test.pdf}}
 }
 end{figure*}

Do you have any suggestions? I have multiple subfigures, so using subfigure is necessary.

documentclass[twocolumn]{article}
usepackage{subcaption}
usepackage{graphicx}
begin{document}

begin{figure*}[!htb]
 subfloat[
  $begin{array}{cc}
  a & b \
  c & d
  end{array}$
  ]
  {label{fig:test}includegraphics[scale=0.3]{example-image}}
 end{figure*}
 
 end{document}