How to make formatting of bibliography with biblatex consistent

The output of the standard styles is consistent and makes sense if you cast your mind back to the days of physical libraries and keep in mind that you could see book titles and journal titles on the spines (and the covers) of books/journal volumes and article titles and chapter titles only once you actually opened the book/volume. Titles that are typeset in italics can be seen in a library without opening books, titles in quotation marks can be found in the table of contents once the book is open.

_{This is not something that biblatex made up, it can be found in well-known and common styles like APA (https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/journal-article-references, https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples/book-references), Chicago style (https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide/citation-guide-1.html), MLA (https://style.mla.org/works-cited/works-cited-a-quick-guide/), IEEE (https://ieeeauthorcenter.ieee.org/wp-content/uploads/IEEE-Reference-Guide.pdf), New Hart's Rules.}

It kind of makes sense to put the year for @articles in brackets because the volume and number information usually implies the year and is more fine grained.

_{Here different styles guides have different opinions. Chicago style puts @article years in parentheses, but not years of other types (https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide/citation-guide-1.html), IEEE style has no brackets for any year, Hart's has brackets for all years.}

If you have to make the output more consistent across types

• Remove Quotation Marks from Style explains how type-specific formatting works. For all-italic titles you could try

  DeclareFieldFormat*{title}{mkbibemph{#1}}
  DeclareFieldFormat{journaltitle}{mkbibemph{#1isdot}}
  DeclareFieldFormat{issuetitle}{mkbibemph{#1}}
  DeclareFieldFormat{maintitle}{mkbibemph{#1}}
  DeclareFieldFormat{booktitle}{mkbibemph{#1}}
  

• the parentheses around the date for @articles can easily be removed with biblatex-ext (full disclosure: I'm the author)

  renewcommand*{volnumdatedelim}{addcommaspace}
  DeclareFieldFormat{issuedate}{#1}
  

Note that if you want to cite only one chapter from a @book you should use the @inbook type and not the @book type with chapter number in the title. The MWE below contains entries for both Hussein's @book and @inbook. Indeed, using @inbook here makes things more consistent with @articles with the default settings, because they work analogous in the 'physical library' sense explained above. That said, usually I see full books listed in the bibliography and not individual chapters. (This is different when we are talking about @incollections, i.e. papers in a collection volume. There @incollection is more common than @collection.)

documentclass[british]{article}
usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
usepackage{babel}
usepackage{csquotes}

usepackage[backend=biber, style=ext-numeric, sorting=none, maxbibnames=99,]{biblatex}

DeclareFieldFormat*{title}{mkbibemph{#1}}
DeclareFieldFormat{journaltitle}{mkbibemph{#1isdot}}
DeclareFieldFormat{issuetitle}{mkbibemph{#1}}
DeclareFieldFormat{maintitle}{mkbibemph{#1}}
DeclareFieldFormat{booktitle}{mkbibemph{#1}}

renewcommand*{volnumdatedelim}{addcommaspace}
DeclareFieldFormat{issuedate}{#1}

begin{filecontents}{jobname.bib}
@article{christensen_aerosols_2020,
  title   = {Aerosols Enhance Cloud Lifetime and Brightness
             Along the Stratus-to-Cumulus Transition},
  volume  = {117},
  journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
  author  = {Christensen, Matthew W. and Jones, William K. and Stier, Philip},
  year    = {2020},
  doi     = {10.1073/pnas.1921231117},
  urldate = {2021-04-19},
}
@inbook{hussein_inverse_2011:chap1,
  author    = {Esam M. A. Hussein},
  title     = {Radiation Imaging},
  chapter   = {1},
  pages     = {1-12},
  booktitle = {Computed Radiation Imaging},
  year      = {2011},
  edition   = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  doi       = {10.1016/B978-0-12-387777-2.00001-X},
  urldate   = {2021-07-09},
}
@book{hussein_inverse_2011:book,
  author    = {Esam M. A. Hussein},
  title     = {Computed Radiation Imaging},
  year      = {2011},
  edition   = {1},
  publisher = {Elsevier},
  doi       = {10.1016/C2011-0-00133-3},
  urldate   = {2021-07-09},
}
end{filecontents}
addbibresource{jobname.bib}
addbibresource{biblatex-examples.bib}

begin{document}
Lorem autocite{sigfridsson,christensen_aerosols_2020,
  hussein_inverse_2011:chap1,worman,nussbaum,hussein_inverse_2011:book}

printbibliography
end{document}