How to control the positions of multiple captions under images?

Question

I am new to latex and want to make good format pictures with captions, like this one.

After some search, I was able to generate similar captions with
 begin{figure}
        begin{minipage}[b]{0.49linewidth}
            includegraphics{figure1.pdf} 
            begin{center} figure1 end{center}
        end{minipage}
        begin{minipage}[b]{0.49linewidth}
            includegraphics{figure2.pdf}
            begin{center} figure2 end{center}
        end{minipage}
        caption{figure1 vs. figure2 }
  end{figure}

However, there is a large space between the text.
In general, how can I have more control over the position of text?

Werner · Accepted Answer

There are all kinds of options here, the simplest of which is to set the "sub-figure" construction inside a tabular:

documentclass{article}

usepackage{graphicx}

begin{document}

begin{figure}
  mbox{}hfill
  begin{tabular}[b]{c}
    includegraphics[width=5em]{example-image-a} \
    figure1
  end{tabular}hfill
  begin{tabular}[b]{c}
    includegraphics[width=7em]{example-image-b} \
    figure2
  end{tabular}hfill
  mbox{}
  caption{figure1 vs. figure2}
end{figure} 

end{document}

Since you're using tabular, just change the space by adding an optional <len> argument to the tabular line break \[<len>]. If you have multi-line "sub-figure" captions, then one could figure out something different:

documentclass{article}

usepackage{graphicx}

begin{document}

begin{figure}
  mbox{}hfill
  includegraphics[width=5em]{example-image-a}hfill
  makebox[12em]{includegraphics[width=7em]{example-image-b}}hfill
  mbox{}par
  %vspace{<len>} to increase the space
  mbox{}hfill
  makebox[5em]{figure1}hfill
  begin{tabular}[t]{@{}p{12em}@{}}
    This is a beautiful figure that needs more descriptive words
  end{tabular}hfill
  mbox{}
  caption{figure1 vs. figure2}
end{figure} 

end{document}

Of course, in a general setting, I'd recommend using subcaption; you should find sufficient examples within the subcaption documentation.

Zarko · Answer

I would use subigure defined in the subcaption package and write text belos images with caption*{...}:

documentclass{article}
usepackage{graphicx}
usepackage{caption, subcaption}
captionsetup{skip=1ex, font=small}
captionsetup[sub]{skip=-1ex}

begin{document}

begin{figure}
    centering
    setkeys{Gin}{width=linewidth}
begin{subfigure}[b]{0.4linewidth}
    includegraphics{example-image-a} \
    caption*{figure 1}
end{subfigure}%
hfil
begin{subfigure}[b]{0.4linewidth}
    includegraphics{example-image-B} \
    caption*{figure 2}
end{subfigure}%
  caption{figure1 vs. figure2}
  label{fig:comparison}
end{figure}

end{document}

How to control the positions of multiple captions under images?

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