Grid of subfigures with one caption per row on the left

Question

I could achieve the following using figure and table:

And using some multiline alignment I can align the "captions" (which is actually text) to the center:

However I'd like to be able to refer to each row using ref, therefore I need each row to be a subfigure, with the caption on the left, without the word "Figure".
How can it be achieved?
This is the code I used so far, using a table:
begin{figure}[ht]
centering
par%
begin{tabular}{ccc}
& RGB & NIR
(a) & includegraphics[width=.3linewidth]{whatever.jpg} & includegraphics[width=.3linewidth]{whatever.jpg}
(b) & includegraphics[width=.3linewidth]{whatever.jpg} & includegraphics[width=.3linewidth]{whatever.jpg}
(c) & includegraphics[width=.3linewidth]{whatever.jpg} & includegraphics[width=.3linewidth]{whatever.jpg}
(d) & includegraphics[width=.3linewidth]{whatever.jpg} & includegraphics[width=.3linewidth]{whatever.jpg}
end{tabular}
caption{some caption}.}%
label{fig:fig1}%
end{figure}

I also managed to do a figure of subfigures, but the captions appeared in the bottom.

Mico · Accepted Answer

The following sample code should get you started.

documentclass{article}
usepackage{array,booktabs}
newcolumntype{M}[1]{>{centeringarraybackslash}m{#1}} % w/ horizontal centering
usepackage{subcaption} % for 'subfigure' environment
usepackage[demo]{graphicx}

begin{document}
begin{figure}[ht!]
setlengthtabcolsep{3pt} % default: 6pt
centering
begin{tabular}{@{} r M{0.3linewidth} M{0.3linewidth} @{}}
& RGB & NIR
begin{subfigure}{0.05linewidth} caption{}label{subfig:a} end{subfigure} 
  & includegraphics[width=hsize]{whatever.jpg} 
  & includegraphics[width=hsize]{whatever.jpg} addlinespace
begin{subfigure}{0.05linewidth} caption{}label{subfig:b} end{subfigure} 
  & includegraphics[width=hsize]{whatever.jpg}    
  & includegraphics[width=hsize]{whatever.jpg} addlinespace
begin{subfigure}{0.05linewidth} caption{}label{subfig:c} end{subfigure} 
  & includegraphics[width=hsize]{whatever.jpg} 
  & includegraphics[width=hsize]{whatever.jpg} addlinespace
begin{subfigure}{0.05linewidth} caption{}label{subfig:d} end{subfigure} 
  & includegraphics[width=hsize]{whatever.jpg} 
  & includegraphics[width=hsize]{whatever.jpg}
end{tabular}
caption{Four rows of graphs}
label{fig:fig1}
end{figure}

noindent
Cross-references to subfigures ref{subfig:a} and ref{subfig:d}.
end{document}

John Kormylo · Answer

The original idea was to use subcaption in the first column, but its baseline is at the top making vertical alignment difficult.  And yes, you can use label with tabcaption.
documentclass{article}
usepackage{graphicx}
usepackage{subcaption}% or newcounter{subfigure}[figure]
usepackage{duckuments}% just for fun
usepackage{array}

newcolumntype{v}{>{sbox0bgroup}c<{egroupraisebox{dimexpr 0.5dp0-0.5ht0}%
 [dimexpr 0.5ht0-0.5dp0+1pt][dimexpr 0.5ht0-0.5dp0+1pt]{usebox0}}}

newcommand{tabcaption}{refstepcounter{subfigure}(thesubfigure)}

begin{document}

begin{figure}[ht]
centering

begin{tabular}{vvv}
& RGB & NIR
tabcaption & includegraphics[width=.3linewidth]{example-image-duck}
            & includegraphics[width=.3linewidth]{example-image-duck}
tabcaption & includegraphics[width=.3linewidth]{example-image-duck}
            & includegraphics[width=.3linewidth]{example-image-duck}
tabcaption & includegraphics[width=.3linewidth]{example-image-duck}
            & includegraphics[width=.3linewidth]{example-image-duck}
tabcaption & includegraphics[width=.3linewidth]{example-image-duck}
            & includegraphics[width=.3linewidth]{example-image-duck}
end{tabular}
caption{some caption}% note: caption begins and ends with a par
label{fig:fig1}
end{figure}

end{document}

Zarko · Answer

With use of the floatrow and subfig packages:
documentclass{article}
usepackage{graphicx}
usepackage{floatrow}
usepackage[label font=bf, labelformat=simple]{subfig}
floatsetup[figure]{style=plain,subcapbesideposition=center}

begin{document}
%---------------------------------------------------------------%
    begin{figure}
    centering
setkeys{Gin}{width=0.45textwidth}
    quadparbox{0.45linewidth}{hfil RGB} parbox{0.45linewidth}{hfil NIR}  
    
    smallskip 
sidesubfloat[label{fig:a}]%
    {includegraphics{example-image-duck}
        hfil
     includegraphics{example-image-duck}
    }

medskip
sidesubfloat[label{fig:b}]%
    {includegraphics{example-image-duck}
        hfil
     includegraphics{example-image-duck}
    }

medskip
sidesubfloat[label{fig:b}]%
    {includegraphics{example-image-duck}
        hfil
     includegraphics{example-image-duck}
    }
    caption{main caption}
label{fig:myfigure}
    end{figure}
end{document}

Grid of subfigures with one caption per row on the left

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