Generate list of non-hyphenated words?

The hyphenation exceptions are words specified by hyphenation with specific breakpoints and are fixed in the format, unrelated to a specific document unless you have added extra hyphenation in your document.

The log file shows you the overfull lines and so the words at the end of the line eg

documentclass[draft]{article}

begin{document}


some text withverylongwords some text withverylongwords
some text withzverylongwords some text withverylongwords
some text withverylongwords some text withverylongwords
some text withverylongwords some text withverylongwords
end{document}

The overfull line is marked with the rule in the output and

the terminal and log show

Overfull hbox (0.50061pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 6--10
OT1/cmr/m/n/10 zvery-long-words some text with-very-long-words some text with-
very-long-words some|

So you could easily get a list of all such words by searching for | in the log file.

Note however that the last word here is some which can not sensibly be hyphenated you need in this case to change the hyphenation on an earlier line, changing the source to have with-z-verylongwords produces

Linebreaking/hyphenation uses a least cost algorithm over an entire paragraph so changing the hyphenation points of any word may change the line breaking in the whole paragraph, so just a list of final words in an existing bad typesetting does not typically help much.