Diagram with differents layers and waves

Question

How can I draw the attached image by TikZ? documentclass[border=10pt,tikz]{standalone} usepackage{amsmath} usepackage{tikz} usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows,positioning,arrows.meta,decorations.markings,shapes} begin{document} begin{tikzpicture}[line width=.2mm,font=scriptsize] draw[fill=black!50!] (0,0) rectangle (3,2); draw[fill=white] (.5,.5) rectangle (2.5,1.5) node [pos=.5] {Layer 3} ; draw[fill=black!20!] (0,2) rectangle (3,5); draw[fill=white] (.5,3) rectangle (2.5,4) node [pos=.5] {Layer 2} ; draw[fill=black!35!] (0,5) rectangle (3,7); draw[fill=white] (.5,5.5) rectangle (2.5,6.5) node [pos=.5] {Layer 1} ; draw[dashed] (3,7) -- (11,7); draw[dashed] (3,5) -- (11,5); draw[dashed] (3,2) -- (11,2); node at (1.5,-.5) {$begin{array}{c} text{Material} text{Profile} end{array}$}; node at (5,-.75) {$begin{array}{c} text{Shortl} text{Wavelength} sim lambda_{R1} end{array}$}; node at (8,-.75) {$begin{array}{c} text{Longer} text{Wavelength} sim lambda_{R2} end{array}$}; draw[->,line width=.3mm] (5,7) -- (7,7); draw[->,line width=.3mm] (5,7) -- node[midway,left,rotate=90][yshift=.3cm]{Depth} (5,0); draw[->,line width=.3mm] (8,7) -- (11,7); draw[->,line width=.3mm] (8,7) -- (8,0); draw[<->] (6,7) -- node[midway,right]{$sim lambda_{R1}$} (6,6); draw[<->] (10,7) -- node[midway,right]{$sim lambda_{R2}$} (10,4); draw (5.75,6) -- (6.25,6); draw (9.75,4) -- (10.25,4); end{tikzpicture} end{document}

Zarko · Answer

Diagram is drawn with curves defined in controls, other part of code is rewritten to be shorter. Used are relative coordinates:
documentclass[border=10pt,tikz]{standalone}
usepackage{amsmath}
usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
                calc, chains,
                positioning,
                quotes}

begin{document}
begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 0mm and 12mm,
  start chain = going below,
N/.style args = {#1/#2}{% Node
            fill=#1, text width=24mm, minimum height=#2,
            outer sep=0pt, align=center, 
            on chain},
   lbl/.style = {text width=24mm, minimum height=12mm, align=center},
every label/.append style = {draw, very thin, fill=white,
                             minimum width=12mm, minimum height=6mm},
   arr/.style = {Straight Barb-{Straight Barb[]Bar}},
 every edge/.append style = {draw, -Straight Barb, semithick},
 every edge quotes/.style = {font=small, sloped, auto=right}
                    ]
node (L3) [N=gray!40/12mm, label=center:Layer 3] {};
node (L2) [N=gray!20/16mm, label=center:Layer 2] {};
node (L1) [N=gray!60/12mm, label=center:Layer 1] {};
%
node (L0) [N=white/12mm]   {MaterialProfile};
node (L0a) [lbl,below right=of L0.north east]  {Short Wavelength $sim lambda_{R1}$};
node (L0b) [lbl,below right=of L0a.north east] {Longer Wavelength$sim lambda_{R2}$};
%
draw   (L3.north -| L0a.west) edge (L3.north -| L0a.east)
        (L3.north -| L0a.west) edge ["Depth"] (L1.south -| L0a.west)
        (L3.north -| L0b.west) edge (L3.north -| L0b.east)
        (L3.north -| L0b.west) edge (L1.south -| L0b.west);
% diagrams
draw [very thick, fill=gray!10] 
    (L3.north -| L0a.west) .. controls +(1,0.0) and + (0,0.1) .. ($(L3.north -| L0a.west)+(1,-0.2)$)
                           .. controls +(0,-0.1) and + (0.2,1) .. (L2.north -| L0a.west);
draw [very thick, fill=gray!10]
    (L3.north -| L0b.west) .. controls +(2,0.0) and + (0,0.1) .. ($(L3.north -| L0b.west)+(2,-0.4)$)
                           .. controls +(0,-0.5) and + (0,2) .. (L1.north -| L0b.west);
draw[dashed, very thin]    
    (L2.north east) -- (L2.north east -| L0b.east)
    (L2.south east) -- (L2.south east -| L0b.east);
%
draw[arr]     (L3.north -| L0a) to ["$sim lambda_{R1}$" '] ++ (0,-1);
draw[arr]     ([xshift=10mm] L3.north -| L0b) to ["$sim lambda_{R2}$" '] ++ (0,-2);
    end{tikzpicture}
end{document}

Diagram with differents layers and waves

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