Citing with En Dash

If your bibliography style supports a customisable name delimiter, then this would be as easy as locally changing this delimiter. Unfortunately, not all .bst files support a customisable name delimiter, many just hard-code the "and".

Step 1 is to make apalike use a customisable delimiter in citations. To this end

1. Locate apalike.bst on your machine. You can do this by typing kpsewhich apalike.bst into the command line/terminal. Alternatively, obtain a copy of the file from CTAN http://mirrors.ctan.org/biblio/bibtex/base/apalike.bst

2. Copy the file to a location where TeX can find it. The document directory will do fine. See also https://texfaq.org/FAQ-inst-wlcf

3. Rename the file to apalike-namedelim.bst, say (the license of apalike.bst requires you to change the name if you modify the file)

4. Find FUNCTION {format.lab.names} (ll. 841-587) and replace the complete function definition with

    FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
    { 's :=
      s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
      s num.names$ duplicate$
      #2 >
        { pop$ " et~al." * }
        { #2 <
            'skip$
            { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
                { " et~al." * }
                { "finalnamedelim " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
   

5. Add a comment with your name, the current date and a short description of the changes to the top of the file.

6. Use bibliographystyle{apalike-namedelim} instead of bibliographystyle{apalike} in your document.

As alternative for steps 1 to 5 you can obtain the patched version of the file at https://gist.github.com/moewew/1808df0569958a79ce5058b133495260

Step 2 is to make use of the customisable macro in new commands that we define for the purpose of citing with en-dashes. We just copy the definitions of citet and citeauthor from natbib.sty and inject some code to change finalnamedelim.

documentclass{article}

usepackage{natbib}
bibliographystyle{apalike-namedelim}

newcommand*{finalnamedelim}{}
DeclareRobustCommand*{finalnamedelim}{ and }

makeatletter
newcommand*{citetattr}{}
DeclareRobustCommandcitetattr
   {begingroup
    DeclareRobustCommand*{finalnamedelim}{--}%
    NAT@swafalseletNAT@ctypez@NAT@partrue
     @ifstar{NAT@fulltrueNAT@citetp}{NAT@fullfalseNAT@citetp}}
     
newcommand*{citeauthorattr}{}
DeclareRobustCommandciteauthorattr
   {begingroup
    DeclareRobustCommand*{finalnamedelim}{--}%
    NAT@swafalseletNAT@ctype@neNAT@parfalse
    @ifstar{NAT@fulltrueNAT@citetp}{NAT@fullfalseNAT@citetp}}

newcommand*{Citetattr}{}
DeclareRobustCommandCitetattr
   {begingroup
    DeclareRobustCommand*{finalnamedelim}{--}%
    NAT@swafalseletNAT@ctypez@NAT@partrue
     letNAT@upNAT@Up
     @ifstar{NAT@fulltrueNAT@citetp}{NAT@fullfalseNAT@citetp}}
makeatother

begin{filecontents}{jobname.bib}
@article{newey1987simple,
  title   = {A Simple, Positive Semi-Definite, Heteroskedasticity 
             and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix},
  author  = {Newey, Whitney K. and West, Kenneth D.},
  journal = {Econometrica},
  volume  = 55,
  number  = 3,
  pages   = {703--708},
  year    = 1987,
}
end{filecontents}

begin{document}
citeauthor{newey1987simple}'s citeyearpar{newey1987simple} estimator.

citetattr{newey1987simple} --- with citation alias

bibliography{jobname}
end{document}

---

These sort of things are a bit simpler with biblatex.

documentclass[british]{article}

usepackage{babel}
usepackage{csquotes}
usepackage[style=authoryear]{biblatex}

newcommand*{textattrcite}{%
  AtNextCite{AtEachCitekey{delimcontext{textattrcite}}}%
  textcite}

DeclareDelimFormat[textattrcite]{multinamedelim}{textendash}
DeclareDelimAlias[textattrcite]{finalnamedelim}[textattrcite]{multinamedelim}

begin{filecontents}{jobname.bib}
@article{newey1987simple,
  title   = {A Simple, Positive Semi-Definite, Heteroskedasticity 
             and Autocorrelation Consistent Covariance Matrix},
  author  = {Newey, Whitney K. and West, Kenneth D.},
  journal = {Econometrica},
  volume  = 55,
  number  = 3,
  pages   = {703--708},
  year    = 1987,
}
end{filecontents}
addbibresource{jobname.bib}

begin{document}
citeauthor{newey1987simple}'s parencite*{newey1987simple} estimator.

textattrcite{newey1987simple} --- with citation alias

printbibliography
end{document}