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Avoid converting sigma to final sigma solved but why does it work?

TeX - LaTeX Asked by Manos Ikonomakis on December 16, 2020

I was trying to prevent LaTeX from converting a sigma (σ) to the so called final sigma (ς) in an abbreviation:

συνάρτηση πυκνότητας πιθανότητας (σ.π.π.)

appeared as

συνάρτηση πυκνότητας πιθανότητας (ς.π.π.)

which is wrong in Greek.
Writing it as ({σ}.π.π.) didn’t work, but following directions from
http://myria.math.aegean.gr/localguide/TeXguide/TeXguide.html#sigma-in-final-position (sorry, it’s in Greek) helped.
It suggests writing the abbreviation as

συνάρτηση πυκνότητας πιθανότητας (σv.π.π.)

Why does this work? What does this (Latin character) v change?

Edited:
Examples as suggested by Joseph Wright♦:

documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}

usepackage[english,greek]{babel}
usepackage[iso-8859-7]{inputenc}

begin{document}
...και η συνάρτηση πυκνότητας πιθανότητας (σv.π.π.)
end{document}

produces:

…και η συνάρτηση πυκνότητας πιθανότητας (σ.π.π.)

while

documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}

usepackage[english,greek]{babel}
usepackage[iso-8859-7]{inputenc}

begin{document}
...και η συνάρτηση πυκνότητας πιθανότητας (σ.π.π.)
end{document}

produces:

…και η συνάρτηση πυκνότητας πιθανότητας (ς.π.π.)

One Answer

One can reproduce the output with this document which doesn't need inputenc:

documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}

usepackage[english,greek]{babel}

begin{document}
char115  char115. char115v. char115. vvvvvvvvvvvvv

end{document}

enter image description here

It works with ligatures. The grmn1095.tfm contains eg.

  (LABEL C s)
   (LIG/ O 56 C c)

which means that the sigma (C s) together with a period (O 56) is replaced by c+period.

The v (which doesn't print anything) interrupts the ligatures.

With utf8-encoding you don't get the ligature, as then the σ is defined as textsigma, and textsigma is defined (in lgrenc.def) with a boundary:

   DeclareTextCommand{textsigma}{LGR}{snoboundary}

Correct answer by Ulrike Fischer on December 16, 2020

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