OAuth2.0 authorization code flow in PowerShell

I wrote the below function to pop up an IE window to handle the user authentication of the OAuth2.0 authorization code flow in PowerShell which works but when calling it as a function, it doesn’t stay in the while loop to wait for the URL of the IE window to change and to filter out the OAuth2.0 authorization code and then close the window.

Is there a way to keep the function "open" for longer and to make sure it waits for the URL of the IE window to change?

All remarks regarding the function are welcome…

function Show-OAuth2AuthCodeWindow {
  [CmdletBinding()]
  param
  (
    [Parameter(Mandatory = $true, Position = 0, HelpMessage = "The OAuth2 authorization code URL pointing towards the oauth2/v2.0/authorize endpoint as documented here: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory/develop/v2-oauth2-auth-code-flow")]
    [System.Uri] $URL
  )
  try {

    # create an Internet Explorer object to display the OAuth 2 authorization code browser window to authenticate
    $InternetExplorer = New-Object -ComObject InternetExplorer.Application
    $InternetExplorer.Width = "600"
    $InternetExplorer.Height = "500"
    $InternetExplorer.AddressBar = $false # disable the address bar
    $InternetExplorer.ToolBar = $false # disable the tool bar
    $InternetExplorer.StatusBar = $false # disable the status bar

    # store the Console Window Handle (HWND) of the created Internet Explorer object
    $InternetExplorerHWND = $InternetExplorer.HWND

    # make the browser window visible and navigate to the OAuth2 authorization code URL supplied in the $URL parameter
    $InternetExplorer.Navigate($URL)

    # give Internet Explorer some time to start up
    Start-Sleep -Seconds 1

    # get the Internet Explorer window as application object
    $InternetExplorerWindow = (New-Object -ComObject Shell.Application).Windows() | Where-Object {($_.LocationURL -match "(^https?://.+)") -and ($_.HWND -eq $InternetExplorerHWND)}

    # wait for the URL of the Internet Explorer window to hold the OAuth2 authorization code after a successful authentication and close the window
    while (($InternetExplorerWindow = (New-Object -ComObject Shell.Application).Windows() | Where-Object {($_.LocationURL -match "(^https?://.+)") -and ($_.HWND -eq $InternetExplorerHWND)})) {
      Write-Host $InternetExplorerWindow.LocationURL
      if (($InternetExplorerWindow.LocationURL).StartsWith($RedirectURI.ToString() + "?code=")) {
        $OAuth2AuthCode = $InternetExplorerWindow.LocationURL
        $OAuth2AuthCode = $OAuth2AuthCode -replace (".*code=") -replace ("&.*")
        $InternetExplorerWindow.Quit()
      }
    }

    # return the OAuth2 Authorization Code
    return $OAuth2AuthCode

  }
  catch {
    Write-Host -ForegroundColor Red "Could not create a browser window for the OAuth2 authentication"
  }
}