How the basic structure of a simple messaging app works?

Question

How the messaging apps works?
What is the Basic algorithm of it?
I tried the following method to make a messaging app.

I enters message
Message converts to a text file
Text text file uploads to the ftp server
My friend gets the text file from ftp and reads it

Is this method correct?
Do needed to use FTP server?
I found it is very slow and sometimes it gets timeout Error.
What is wrong here? Is my method wrong or the problem is the server?

user253751 · Answer

The messaging app company writes their own server with their own protocol.
The client connects to the server all the time (not just when you're sending a message). When you send a message, it sends the message to the server using the app's protocol, and the server sends the message to the other user using the app's protocol. If the other user isn't online, the server stores the message and sends it to them when they are online.

How the basic structure of a simple messaging app works?

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