Do facemasks cause CO2 poisoning?

Regarding the first issue, whether the measurement method shown in the video is sensible (as this was challenged by mods as being unsourced speculation in the accepted answer), there are actually press articles in which the manufacturers of some such devices say that it isn't sensible...

The France 24 Observers team contacted MSA, the company that manufactures the "ALTAIR 5X Gas Detector", which is the machine used in some of these anti-mask videos. We asked a representative from the company if this machine can actually measure the level of CO2 in a mask. They responded without hesitation:

This machine is a portable gas detector that should be used to evaluate if the air is dangerous or combustible in a room or a confined space – so we are talking about much larger areas than the interior of a mask.

When you place the machine behind your mask, then the person wearing it will breathe out and displace the oxygen. This sets off the alarm. The same thing would happen if a person breathed out directly into the tube.

Because of the sensitivity of the sensors, combined with the lack of space behind the mask, there isn’t enough time for the meter to drop back down to zero before the next breath, which means the alarm just continues going off.

Another expert commented on such videos:

Kirsten Koehler, an associate professor of environmental health and engineering at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, offered similar observations based on her viewing of the video. [...]

“You can also tell that the sensors don’t immediately respond to the change in concentration because they keep alarming after he takes the tube out of the mask.”

(This refers to a different video by Jeff Neff though, using the MSA detector. In Del Bigtree's video, he's adroit enough not to show what happens after the detector is removed from under the mask.)

Using more suitable equipment, i.e. a transcutaneous CO2 meter that does measure CO2 in the body as opposed to in the exhaled air, a UC San Diego video showed no clinically significant impact of mask wearing, even with 7 layered masks, albeit in a fairly short time span that the video lasts.

Now there are some NIOSH papers that discuss what effects may be seen at >2% [20,000ppm] CO2 (atmospheric) concentration, but it would take several hours for physiological effects to be noticed, according to that paper. The NIOSH indeed sets their 8-hour exposure to just 5,000 ppm, but this is quite conservative as they also set their STEL (15-minutes exposure) to 30,000 ppm (3%)--this is apparently based on submarine data. According to a 2005 review, the UK-equivalent authority had proposed only half the concentration for the latter (15,000 ppm for 15 minutes.)

This is the meter used in the video:

Note that the sensor is situated at the top, pointing upward. When the person in the video breathes out, the exhaled air will be directed into the sensor, but when the person inhales air will flow around the sensor with no strong tendency to enter it.

This creates a strong bias for measuring exhaled air vs inhaled air, and likely measurements would not be radically different if the same experiment were conducted with no mask present.

More unbiased:

In one small study published in Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology, twenty subjects wearing surgical masks walked on treadmills for one hour. Scientists measured their blood oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations, respiratory and heart rates, and core temperatures. After that hour, the scientists found no significant change in these measurements.

With N95 masks, it’s a slightly different story. There is some evidence that these masks, which tend to fit more tightly over the wearers face, can decrease oxygen levels and increase carbon dioxide levels. A small study of ten healthcare workers found that the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations within N95 masks fell below workplace standards set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Still, when the scientists compared the subjects’ blood oxygen levels after one hour on the treadmill in an N95 mask versus an hour without, they found no difference. Another study published in the American Journal of Infection Control found similar results with pregnant study subjects — after an hour of walking in N95 masks, the blood oxygen levels of pregnant women and non-pregnant women alike hadn’t changed. The masks also had no apparent effect on the fetuses, whose heart rate didn’t change throughout the study.

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