Seasoned Advice Asked on March 17, 2021
Many (most?) recipes ask that you sauté onions before adding other ingredients when making soups, stews, or other dishes that contain lots of liquid (as opposed to something like a stir fry).
I’m not taking about caramelization — I understand the purpose of that. I mean recipes that ask you to "sweat" the onions or cook them until they’re just translucent, with no browning.
Cooking the onions this way makes sense if you want to reduce the moisture and concentrate the flavors. But it seems to me that if you’re adding the onions to soup, for example, you’re reducing the moisture just to put moisture back in it.
Does it really make a difference in a soup or stew, as opposed to simply adding the raw onion along with other ingredients?
I make soups both ways and there is a clearly different end result. I'm not sure the exact mechanisms going on but I'll list some hypotheses/thoughts:
Correct answer by eps on March 17, 2021
It makes a big difference. The heat you can impart to anything by boiling is limited to 100°C (212°F). This is too low for some of the flavor magic to happen, like maillard reactions, which start about 140°C. A pan's temperature can get much higher than boiling water, which is why you saute them first. If you try to make onion soup without sauteing them first they'll soften, but they'll never lose that raw onion flavor, and you won't get the sweetness or depth of flavor from the maillard reactions.
Answered by GdD on March 17, 2021
It flavors your oil. Notice how in many soups there's glistening oil floating on the surface? It makes the soup taste better, but simply drizzling in the (neutral, in this case) oil at the end of cooking won't provide the same delicious results.
At my household we often make tomato egg-flower soup (or as other people will put it, tomato egg-drop soup), and it involves frying up diced tomatoes in some oil, before filling up the post with faucet water and letting it bring to a boil.
Like what you addressed in your post, no caramelization happened on the tomatoes (and predictably so, as they are really watery), but you can clearly see the orange-color (and flavored) oil that floats to the top when adding in the water.
Answered by Anastasia Zendaya on March 17, 2021
I agree with the answers noting temperature and flavor. Fat carries flavor better than water.
To add another perspective, Salt Fat Acid Heat notes why not to cook onions in acidic liquids. (That may be the case if you are making, say, a tomato heavy stew):
Anything containing cellulose or pectin, including legumes, fruits, and vegetables, will cook much more slowly in the presence of acid. [...] The acid in tomatoes explains why those pesky onions float to the top of a pot of sauce or soup and stay there, never getting soft, even after hours of cooking.
Funny enough, I had just read this section and ran a small experiment to see if I could confirm it.
I boiled two sets of 70g of diced Spanish onion for three minutes. In the picture below, the onions on the left were cooked in 2 cups water, and the onions on the right in 1.75 cups water + .25 cups white vinegar.
Onions cooked in the presence of vinegar had more of a bite.
Answered by kevinAlbs on March 17, 2021
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