A barrier isolates Earth from space and slows down time

I’m trying to recall the name of a book I read, probably published after 1990, where alien AI infects satellites and a barrier is established, isolating earth from space that maybe slows down time inside of it, relative to the passage of time outside.

Mars or the moon is also colonized in an attempt to flee the now real possibility that the sun will become a red giant and wipe out humanity in the not-too-distant future (as perceived on earth), but the colony gets one of the time barriers as well.

I think the name of the novel was short, “The _______” (one word).

The story focused more on the human cost and followed one particular family, one member of which was somehow also partially infected by the alien AI, but I don’t remember as much about them.