What are these pads called, what can I solder to them and could I do any damage?

I am wondering what this is called (those are 1 and 2 cm marks, divided into 1 mm segments):

I’m fairly certain it’s not JST. I think the two larger pads are used to hold whatever connector is soldered to the ten smaller ones. Similar to a USB-A female jack. Pin header could be, but the two larger pads make less sense then. Maybe a 9-pin D-Sub could go there (the RX/TX can also be accessed from the reverse at about the same location), but then there is one soldering pad too much. I’ve looked for a number of SMD components which may be a match, but came up empty-handed.

Sometimes when looking at an item I lack the correct terminology. This is such a case. What is this called? What sort of connector can I solder on and is there any chance (as long as I get the soldering right) that merely soldering something to it will damage it, i.e. without connecting/shorting anything? …

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The location where the ruler is, also happens to be the edge of the board. The PCB is out of an automative entertainment system. It was built in 2014 or 2015, but designed probably around 4-5 years before, by all accounts I could find. And to my knowledge its design is actually based on even earlier designs. This side of the PCB is labeled "TOP" somewhere at the edge.

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The pads in question are on the edge shown at the bottom of the photo. This photo shows the top-side of the PCB. You can see there are two locations with this configuration of soldering pads. The photo at the top is from the right one.

The board is a SMEG+ from Magneti Marelli as built into PSA cars.