TransWikia.com

Why do I get this extra factor when working out the dynamics of an adiabatic quantum computation?

Quantum Computing Asked by DaftWullie on July 31, 2021

I was trying to revise my understanding of adiabatic quantum computation via a simple example. I’m familiar with the overall concept — that you have an overall Hamiltonian
$$
H(s)=(1-s)H_0+s H_f
$$

where $s$ is a function of time, starting from $s=0$ and finishing at $s=1$. You prepare your system in the ground state of $H_0$ (known) and, provided the Hamiltonian changes slowly enough, your final state will be close to the ground state of $H_f$. The "slowly enough" condition is typically phrased in terms of the energy gap between the ground and first excited state, $Delta$. A typical assumption is
$$
frac{ds}{dt}=epsilonDelta^2
$$

for small $epsilon$ (I haven’t been back to pick through more detailed statements).

So, my plan was to test
$$
H(theta)=-costheta X-sintheta Z,
$$

starting from $theta=0$ and the system in $|+rangle$. For all values of $theta$, the gap is a constant (2) so, in essence, I have the conversion $theta=4epsilon t$ and the evolution time will be $pi/(8epsilon)$ and should leave the system in the state $|0rangle$. However, when I tried to do this calculation, I didn’t get this answer. Am I screwing up, or is there some condition that tells me I shouldn’t expect the adiabatic theorem to hold in this case?


Details of how I tried to do the calculation:
Let
$$
|y_{pm}rangle=(|0ranglepm i|1rangle)/sqrt{2}.
$$

We have that
$$
H|y_{pm}rangle=pm ie^{mp itheta}|y_{mp}rangle.
$$

We can decompose any state in this basis,
$$
|psirangle=a|y_+rangle+b|y_-rangle,
$$

so we can talk about the time evolution of the coefficients
$$
frac{d}{dt}begin{bmatrix} a b end{bmatrix}=4epsilonfrac{d}{dtheta}begin{bmatrix} a b end{bmatrix}=begin{bmatrix}
0 & e^{-itheta} -e^{itheta} & 0
end{bmatrix}begin{bmatrix} a b end{bmatrix}
$$

I can perform a variable transformation
$$
tilde a=e^{itheta/2}a,quad tilde b=e^{-itheta/2}b
$$

which then satisfy
$$
4epsilonfrac{d}{dtheta}begin{bmatrix} tilde a tilde b end{bmatrix}=ibegin{bmatrix}
2epsilon & -i i & -2epsilon
end{bmatrix}begin{bmatrix} tilde a tilde b end{bmatrix}
$$

This is (finally!) something I can do something useful with! Taking the small $epsilon$ limit, I essentially have
$$
frac{d}{dtheta}begin{bmatrix} tilde a tilde b end{bmatrix}=ifrac{1}{4epsilon}Ybegin{bmatrix} tilde a tilde b end{bmatrix}
$$

I can put in my initial conditions and compare what I expected at the end. The problem is that I have an extra phase of the form $e^{ipi/(8epsilon)}$ floating around, and the taking of the small $epsilon$ limit seems problematic as this varies rapidly between all possible values.

One Answer

The resolution is essentially down to just global phases. Let us note that the initial state is $$ begin{bmatrix} tilde a tilde b end{bmatrix}=frac{1}{2}begin{bmatrix} 1+i 1-i end{bmatrix}equiv frac{1}{sqrt{2}}begin{bmatrix} 1 -i end{bmatrix}. $$ In other words, this is just an eigenstate of $Y$. So, we we evolve under the Pauli $Y$ matrix, we only get a global phase (so who cares if it's rapidly oscillating?!)

Thus, at any later time, $$ begin{bmatrix} a b end{bmatrix}=begin{bmatrix} e^{-i2epsilon t} -i e^{i2epsilon t} end{bmatrix}. $$ For the target time of $t=pi/8epsilon$, we have $$ frac{1}{sqrt{2}}begin{bmatrix} 1 1 end{bmatrix}, $$ which is exactly what we expected (this is the representation of $|0rangle$ in the $y$ basis).

Answered by DaftWullie on July 31, 2021

Add your own answers!

Ask a Question

Get help from others!

© 2024 TransWikia.com. All rights reserved. Sites we Love: PCI Database, UKBizDB, Menu Kuliner, Sharing RPP