Quantum Computing Asked on August 11, 2021
Let’s say Bob prepares a bipartite quantum state $rho_{AB}$ to be shared between him and Alice. Bob sends Alice’s part to her lab. Alice measures her subsystem $A$ in the computational basis $mathcal{Z}$. Now we want to know the uncertainty in Alice’s system given Bob’s quantum memory register($B$). This quantity is denoted as $H(Z|B)$.
I was reading this paper by Berta et al. where they mention in a footnote (page 2, footnote 4) that $H(R|B)$ is the conditional von Neumann entropy of the following state:
$$
left(sum_j |psi_j rangle langlepsi_j| otimes mathbb{1} right) rho_{AB} left(sum_j |psi_j rangle langlepsi_j| otimes mathbb{1} right),
$$
where $|psi_j rangle$ is the eigenvector of the measurement $mathcal{R}$. In our case, this would be $mathcal{Z}$.
My confusion now is this. We know that the sum of eigenvectors of the computational basis $mathcal{Z}$ makes up the identity matrix $mathbb{1}$ again. In this case, isn’t it becoming the following?
$$
left(mathbb{1} otimes mathbb{1} right) rho_{AB} left( mathbb{1} otimes mathbb{1} right) = rho_{AB},
$$
in which case the conditional von Neumann entropy is simply $H(A|B)$. In the end, are we getting $H(Z|B) = H(A|B)$? This does not seem correct though. Thanks in advance.
It is almost certainly meant to be the post measurement state $$ sum_j left(|psi_jrangle langle psi_j| otimes mathbb{1}right) rho_{AB} left(|psi_jrangle langle psi_j| otimes mathbb{1}right). $$ Alternatively you may see such a state written as $$ sum_{j} |j rangle langle j | otimes rho_B(j) $$ where $rho_B(j) = mathrm{tr}_B[ |psi_jrangle langle psi_j | rho_{AB}]$.
Correct answer by Rammus on August 11, 2021
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