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Are multi-qubit control RX gates scaling exponentially?

Quantum Computing Asked on May 28, 2021

In https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0303063.pdf it a method shown for implementing a multi-qubit controlled phase shift gate thath scales exponentially with n.

Are there new methods to implement these gates in polynomial time?

And does anybody know if there is a paper descring the method for impelemnting a multi-qubit controlled gate that Qiskit uses for its MCMT gate?
https://qiskit.org/documentation/stubs/qiskit.circuit.library.MCMT.html

One Answer

An $n$-qubit controlled phase gate with error $epsilon$ takes $O(n + lg frac{1}{epsilon})$ gates to achieve.

The $O(n)$ dependence is easiest to understand in the case where you have $n$ ancillae:

construction

The $O(lg frac{1}{epsilon})$ dependence is from the need to decompose the single qubit phase rotation into the gateset that is actually supported, e.g. using repeat-until-success circuits.

Only a single ancilla is actually required. And if you're willing to increase the cost to $O(n cdot lg frac{1}{epsilon})$ and use $n$ arbitrary single qubit phase rotations instead of one then no ancillae are needed at all.

Correct answer by Craig Gidney on May 28, 2021

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