Puzzling Asked on September 4, 2021
Here is the puzzle:
N hats are put on N logicians, each hat color is selected randomly: black or white.
As usual, every logician doesn’t see the hat on his own head, but sees the rest. They cannot communicate in any way possible.
Each logician at the same moment must answer the question – "what color is the hat on your head?". And there are only 3 possible answers they can say: "Black", "White" and "I don’t know".
If at least one color is named incorrectly logicians fail and die. If no one named a correct color they die just the same. Otherwise (if at least one answer is correct) – logicians survive.
As usual, they have time to discuss a strategy before the hats are put on their heads.
What’s the strategy, which gives the highest probability to survive?
It’s fairly simple to find an optimal answer for $N = 3$ ($p_{survival} = 3/4$). It’s harder, but possible to find an optimal strategy for $N = 7$ ($p_{survival} = 7/8$).
My question – is there a strategy, which has $p_{survival} > 3/4$ for $N le 6$?
How about a strategy with $p_{survival} > 7/8$ for $N = 10$?
I don’t know the answer to these questions. Please either provide such a strategy(-ies), or prove that it is impossible.
Ideally I want to know What is the maximum probability value for $N = 6$ and $N = 10$? (i.e. with a proof that we can’t do any better).
P.S. A semi-general strategy, which is optimal for $N = 3$ and $N = 7$ you can find here, but if you don’t know it, I suggest you to try to find it on your own, it’s a very fun puzzle.
Reframe the problem:
The best answer I can find in the literature:
Correct answer by tehtmi on September 4, 2021
WRONG AND PARTIAL ANSWER I thought this was a promising approach but it's not, have a look to the comments. I highlighted in bold the parts where my reasoning was wrong.
If the number $n$ of logician is
They can use
To answer the question in which $N=10$:
I'm afraid this strategy is not applicable optimally for a lot of values of $N$ (for example it is not possible to achieve a survival probability greater than $frac{3}{4}$ for $N=4,5,6$).
Answered by melfnt on September 4, 2021
The logicians determine that this is not the typical framing for questions of this type, and that due to this particular framework there is a simple and trivial strategy for staying alive.
The logicians end up living to wonder if it would have been better for them to become suicidal in situations like this just so they wouldn't constantly be put in these types of situations.
Answered by Mathaddict on September 4, 2021
Get help from others!
Recent Answers
Recent Questions
© 2024 TransWikia.com. All rights reserved. Sites we Love: PCI Database, UKBizDB, Menu Kuliner, Sharing RPP