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Why the direction of the omega (angular velocity vector) is along the axis of rotation? Also for angular acceleration

Physics Asked by Vinit Aggarwal on March 21, 2021

I know that the direction of omega is taken along the axis of rotation but I don’t understand it why it is taken?

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I also know that $mathbf v = mathbf ω times mathbf r$ so, all three vectors should be perpendicular, but this also doesn’t satisfy me. As this is merely a formula but a formula don’t give me that feel how that direction of omega(angular velocity vector) changes angular displacement of a body doing circular motion as this is also known that [Bold letters are vectors]

$$ boldsymbol{omega} = frac{Deltaboldsymbol{theta}}{Delta t} $$

Just like velocity changes linear displacement of a body.

One Answer

We can define the angle as the area sweep by a vector in the rotating plane with its strating point at the rotating position. As the vector rotates a angle $Delta theta$, the area swept by the vector is: $$ Delta A = r^2 Delta theta $$ Therefore, we may define the angle as the area swept divided by $r^2$. The area is a vector quantity with direction on the normal direction of the area. This defines the direction of the angle $omega$. I will show that the definition of area is more general that the "angle" itself.

Case 1: Consider that the rotating vector is not ristricted in the plane, e.g. it rotates in a corrugated surface. The resultant rotation angle $theta$ won't be the sum of the infinitismal angle $Delta theta$ $$ theta neq sum_i Delta theta_i $$ But it is equal to the sum of the infinitesmal area. $$ theta text{ } hat{theta} = sum_i frac{Delta vec{A}_i}{r^2} $$ The $hat{theta}$ denotes the result vector direction of the vector summation.

Case 2: A solid angle $Omega$ can only be defined using area $$ Omega = int frac{hat{r} cdot dvec{A}}{r^2} $$

Hope this helps.

Answered by ytlu on March 21, 2021

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