Why do we need special geometry for telecommunication antennas?

Question

In many youtube videos about building low power radio transmeters , I have seen a piece of regular wire or extension cord used as a antenna. But , it seems like telecommunication antennas have specific geometry (like dipole antenna , dish antenna etc).But why do we have to follow specific geometry for designing antenna?
Is it because using an extension cord as a antenna have much more power losses? If it does have , how do we calculate it?

niels nielsen · Accepted Answer

at high (radio) frequencies, extension cord ("zip cord") wire has large power losses and is generally unsuitable for transmitting antennas.
telecomm antennas are built so as to produce as much electromagnetic radiation as possible, and point it in the desired direction. They have a wide variety of shapes to do this.
The amateur radio stack exchange is a better place to post this question. Lots of friendly experts over there who are happy to help.

Why do we need special geometry for telecommunication antennas?

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