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Why do the electron and hole currents vanish in equilibrium in a semiconductor?

Physics Asked on March 7, 2021

In equilibrium, there can be no net current in a semiconductor. Accounting for both drift and diffusion current, the following relationships can be derived relating the electron density, $N_{e}$, the hole carrier density, $N_{h}$, and the electrostatic potential, $varphi$:

$$
N_{e}propto e^{frac{qvarphi}{kappa T}}
$$

$$
N_{h}propto e^{-frac{qvarphi}{kappa T}}
$$

where $q$ is the electron charge, $kappa$ is the Boltzmann constant and $T$ is the temperature. However, this relies on assuming that both the electron and hole currents separately vanish. Why should this be the case? Can’t there be a net movement of electrons and holes in the same direction in equilibrium so as to cancel out the overall current?

Thanks in advance for any help.

One Answer

In equilibrium an electron or hole will have, on average, no net momentum. Any disturbance of this equilibrium will be transient and dissipated by electron-phonon scattering.

Answered by my2cts on March 7, 2021

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