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What is the formula for displacement in simple harmonic motion?

Physics Asked by Harsh Darji on May 18, 2021

I am studying SHM in my physics class right now and I often get confused with the formula for displacement.

Sometimes I see the formula written as $x=Asin(omega t)$ and sometimes I see it written as $x = Acos(omega t)$. So my question what exactly is the formula for displacement in Simple Harmonic Motion?

One Answer

Simple harmonic motion response is sinusoidal with a frequency of $omega$, so the general case is expressed as $$x=Asin(omega t+phi)=Acos(omega t-pi/2+phi)$$ or $$x=Bsin(omega t)+Ccos(omega t),$$

where $A$ is the amplitude, $phi$ is the so-called phase angle (whose negative, $-phi$, is called the phase delay), and $B$ and $C$ are constants related to the amplitude and phase angle through

$$A^2=B^2+C^2$$ and $$B=cosphiqquad C=sinphiqquadphi=tan^{-1}(C/B)$$ (where the arctangent is limited between $-pi/2$ and $pi/2$). You can find these constants from the boundary conditions. If $x=0$ at $t=0$ (i.e., the displacement is zero at time zero), for example, then we have simply $x=Asin(omega t)$. If instead $dot x=dx/dt=0$ at $t=0$ (i.e., the speed is zero at time zero), then $x=Acos(omega t)$. Does this make sense?

Answered by Chemomechanics on May 18, 2021

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