Physics Asked on April 29, 2021
Sundance Bilson-Thompson is an advocate of non-point-like structures that resemble elementary particles (see here, for example). His theoretical adventures show that the first generation of particles in the Standard Model is comprised of loops that are braid together to form the first generation particles (the up- and down-quark, the electron, and the electron neutrino):
One can read here:
The analysis of this network of quantum units of space may result in more than physicists bargained for because recent studies have indicated that the Standard Model particles may be implicit in the theory. This work has largely been pioneered by Fotini Markopoulou and work by the Australian Sundance O. Bilson-Thompson.
In Bilson-Thompson’s model, the loops may braid together in ways that could create the particles, as indicated in this figure. (These results remain entirely theoretical, and it remains to be seen how they work into the larger LQG framework as it develops, or whether they have any physical meaning at all.)
In the Rishon Model (not to be confused with Rishon Odel) of Haim Harari, the (point-)particles of all generations are said to consist out of trios T- or V-rishons. The second and third generation generations are simply excitations of the first. You can see that the first generation of quarks and leptons exhibits the same structures as the braided structures shown above (a twist correspond to a T-rishon, a not-twist to a V-rishon):
Very conspicuous! Can it be that there is a connection between the two? The Rishon Model was invented long before the braided structures were proposed by Bilson-Thompson. Loop Quantum Gravity, which in my view is a real quantization of spacetime, in contrast to string theory (but correct me if I’m wrong), is named in the context of braided structures. It was there too before the braided structures were proposed. This article, provided by @Qmechanic, shows the connection with Loop Quantum Gravity, of which Smolin is the main advocate.
What is the connection between the three?
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