Physics Asked by Hezzuappu on December 31, 2020
In quantum Brownian motion, bosonic/harmonic oscillator bath and interaction described by Hamiltonian
$$
H_B = sum_{n}hbaromega_n(b_n^dagger b_n) \
H_I = -sigma_x otimes B
$$
and
$$ B = sum_n kappa_nsqrt{frac{hbar}{2m_nomega_n}}(b_n+b_n^dagger)$$
We have two correlation function to describe time evolution of system (See Breuer p.174)
$$
D(tau) equiv iTr_R([B,B(-tau)]rho_B) \
D_1(tau) equiv Tr_R({B,B(-tau)}rho_B)
$$
And using Spectral Density (approximating infinite mode) we get (setting $hbar=1$)
$$
D(tau)=2int_0^infty domega , J(omega)sin(omegatau) \
D_1(tau)=2int_0^infty domega , J(omega)coth left(frac{hbaromega}{2k_BT} right)cos(omegatau)
$$
In many references (including Breuer) ohmic spectral density with Drude-Lorentz cutoff is used
$$
J(omega)=alpha^2omegafrac{lambda^2}{omega^2+lambda^2}$$
And correlation function can be easily analytically calculated.
My question is, if we define more general spectral density
$$J(omega)=alpha^2omega^somega_{ph}^{1-s}frac{lambda^2}{omega^2+lambda^2}$$
With $S = 1$ (Ohmic), $S > 1$ (Super-Ohmic), $S < 1$ (Sub-Ohmic). In Sub-ohmic region, working the integral for $D(tau)$ in Mathematica gives Hypergeometric function which is more complicated than Ohmic case but still a well behaved function. The problem arise when choosing spectral density as a Super-Ohmic
$$
D(tau)=2alpha^2lambda^2omega_ph^{1-s}int_0^infty frac{omega^s sin(omegatau)}{omega^2+lambda^2}$$
For $S > 1$ the integral is divergent. From this result, is the boson bath "limited" to the ohmic and sub-ohmic spectral density(is there any microscopical model to suggest this) ? How the divergence of correlation function can be interpret in relation to super-ohmic ?
Note that the term $lambda^2/(omega^2+lambda^2)$ in your spectral density is suitable only for the Ohmic case, i.e. it is the proper cutoff in scenarios where the spectral density is proportional to $omega$. A nice (classical) microscopic model displaying this behavior is the Lorentz-Drude model for electrical conduction. Resistors in (quantum) superconducting circuits also induce dissipation with an Ohmic dependency and corresponding cutoff [1].
If you want to study scenarios with Super-Ohmic or Sub-Ohmic spectral densities, then you need to introduce a different cutoff. In these situations the spectral density is usually written as [2] (Section 3.1.5): $$ J(omega)=eta_s omega^somega_{ph}^{1-s}e^{-omega/lambda}, $$ where $eta_s$ expresses the coupling strength of the interaction with the bath, while $lambda$ is the cutoff frequency. The exponential dependence on $lambda$ solves any divergence issue. The idea is that you aim to reproduce the "physical behavior" described by the dependence on $omega^s$, and then you insert a phenomenological "ad hoc" cutoff to remove any unphysical behavior at very high (or very low) frequencies. For more microscopic models have a look at the book by Weiss [2].
[1] U. Vool and M. Devoret. "Introduction to quantum electromagnetic circuits". International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications 45, 897-934 (2017).
[2] U. Weiss, Quantum dissipative systems (3rd edition). World scientific, 2008.
Correct answer by Goffredo_Gretzky on December 31, 2020
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