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Proving the collapse of a many body system (Fetter and Walecka problem 1.2)

Physics Asked by S. Barison on September 30, 2021

I was trying to solve the problem 1.2 from Quantum theory of many-body systems by A. Fetter and J. D. Walecka. I succeeded in the first part, obtaining the suggested formulation for the expectation value of the Hamiltonian in the non-interacting ground state.

However, the problem asks to prove also that a system with a potential $V(|x_{1}-x_{2}|)<0 $ for every $|x_{1}-x_{2}|$ (attractive and central potential) would collapse and I can’t manage to do it. I wrote the mean energy per particle in terms of the Seitz parameter, but I’m stuck at this point:

begin{equation*}
frac{E^{0}+E^{1}}{N}= frac{3hbar^{2}}{10ma_{0}}(frac{9pi}{4})^{frac{2}{3}}frac{1}{r_{s}^{2}} +frac{3W(0)}{8pi a_{0}^{3}r_{s}^{3}}-frac{1}{2V}sum_{k m k’ m’}^{k_{F}} W(|k-k’|)
end{equation*}

where $W(k)$ indicates the Fourier transform of the potential and $r_{s}$ is the Seitz parameter.

I can’t figure out how to prove that the exchange term doesn’t create a repulsion at short range and, therefore, a minimum, causing a collapse of the system.

I add, as suggested, the text of the problem, to enhance the comprehension of the question:

Given a homogeneous system of spin-$frac{1}{2}$ particles interacting through a potential V:

(a) show that the expectiation value of the hamiltonian in the noninteracting ground state is

begin{multline*}
E^{0}+E^{1}= 2sum_{k}^{k_{F}} frac{hbar ^2 k^2}{2m} + +frac{1}{2}sum_{km,k’m’}^{k_{F}}[<km,k’m’|V|km,k’m’>-<km,k’m’|V|k’m’,km>]
end{multline*}

where m is the z-component if the spin.

(b) Assume $V$ is central and spin indipendent. If $V(|x_{1}-x_{2}|)<0$ for all $|x_{1}-x_{2}|$ and $int d^{3}x |V(x)|<infty$, prove that the system will collapse. (Hint: start from $frac{E^{0}+E{1}}{N}$ as function of denstity)

One Answer

Question 1.2 just asks you to re-do the derivation of the momentum space Hamiltonian of the electron gas. Part b asks you to consider an attractive potential rather than a repulsive one, and moreover a screened potential (this is the meaning of the all-space integral of potential's magnitude |V|). If you work your way to the perturbative expansion, you should find that the energy-density lacks the point-minimum that is shown in Fig. 3.2 (which you can easily plot by just forgetting about your struggle with Problem 1.2 and throwing Eq. (3.37) into your favorite plotting program), and thus the system will either collapse or expand (depending on the slope (remember, force=-grad(V)) of the resulting plot).

Answered by ignoramus on September 30, 2021

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