Physics Asked by user165990 on March 5, 2021
I am confused about the definition of nematic order in crystals. In this paper https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat4138, they say that nematic order is “a lowering of the rotational symmetry while time-reversal invariance is preserved”, while in this paper https://www.nature.com/articles/nphys3456, they say that it is just when “the crystal rotation symmetry is spontaneously broken”. Which is it, and why?
Nematic ordering is a breakdown of rotational symmetry, and does not involve breaking time-reversal symmetry. The two references you give do not contradict each other, the first just emphasizes that time-reversal symmetry is preserved.
This fact is obvious when you look at the isotropic to nematic transition of liquid crystals (where nematicity originated from essentially). Here you have the polymers start out randomly oriented, and then they order by lining up. If you just look at the phase where the polymers are lined up, nothing changes by reversing time, it is simply a spatial ordering.
Take a look at the image below, which emphasizes that nematic/smectic/crystalline transitions are simply spatial orderings.
Answered by KF Gauss on March 5, 2021
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