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Interpretation of $W(J)$ in Quantum Field Theory

Physics Asked by Tabin on November 26, 2020

In Zee’s Quantum Field Theory in a nutshell, he discusses the quantity $W(J)$, where

$$left<0middle| e^{-iHT} middle|0right> = e^{-iET} = Ce^{iW(J)}$$

and for a free theory with a source $J = J_1 + J_2$ where $J_1$ and $J_2$ are localized in space, we have

$$W(J) = -frac{1}{2}int frac{d^4k}{(2pi)^4}J_2^*(k) frac{1}{k^2-m^2+ivarepsilon}J_1(k)$$

From here he says that there is a resonance peak at $k^2 = m^2$, the energy-momentum relationship for a particle and says that we interpret the physics as the following:

"In region 1 in spacetime there exists a source that sends out a ‘disturbance in the field,’ which is later absorbed by a sink in region 2 in spacetime."

I do not understand how you can come up with the explanation. Where we get that there is a disturbance/a particle that moves and is created and absorbed?

One Answer

If you purely look at the integrand, then it looks like a Feynman diagram as follows: a particle is created at x_1, propagates through space and gets absorbed at x_2. This is apparent from the structure of the integrand: source - propagator - source* = sink. The integral just means your integrating over all possible particle momenta and summing those results to get the total rate at which this event happens.

Answered by JulianDeV on November 26, 2020

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