Physics Asked on July 1, 2021
This video illustrates the Intermediate Axis Theorem by showing that the system of rotations is confined to the the intersection of the ellipsoid representing angular momentum
$$|h|^2 = Aomega_1^2 + Bomega_2^2 + Comega_3^2$$
and the ellipsoid representing angular kinetic energy
$$KE = frac{1}{2}Aomega_1^2 + frac{1}{2}Bomega_2^2 + frac{1}{2}Comega_3^2$$
(I assume A, B, and C refer to different quantities in each equation)
In the case that we are rotating around the first or third principal moments, these ellipsoids intersect like this
and the rotation is stable, apart from a wobble as we move within our circle of confinement, but if we rotate around the intermediate axis, the intersection looks like this
and the system can follow a path which ends up rotating "the other way", hence the flip.
So goes the video explanation.
I have three objections:
If the system turns a "right angle" at the intersection of allowable states, this is an abrupt change whose derivative is discontinuous.
These intersections only join up when the ellipsoids fit very closely together, this would suggest that transitioning to the "other" permitted loop would be a very rare event, and almost always the rotation would still be confined to separate (albeit very large) sets of states, with no flip.
Intuition says that abrupt transitions at the intersection of allowable states would be very fragile for the above reasons, hence chaotic, yet as the wingnut-in-space video shows, the flip between the axis happens at regular intervals.
What’s missing from the above explanation?
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