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Derivative of basis vector in terms of Christoffel symbols

Physics Asked on April 24, 2021

I would like to derive the formula

$$partial_{c}vec{e}^{,a}=-Gamma_{bc}^{a}vec{e}^{,b}$$

where $vec{e}_{a}$ are the basis vectors on a manifold.

In the lecture, we did it in the following way:

$$0=partial_{c}(delta_{b}^{a})=partial_{c}(vec{e}^{,a}cdotvec{e}_{,b})=vec{e}_{,b}cdotpartial_{c}vec{e}^{,a}+underbrace{vec{e}^{,a}cdotpartial_{c}vec{e}_{,b}}_{=Gamma_{bc}^{a}}$$

and therefore

$$vec{e}_{,b}cdotpartial_{c}vec{e}^{,a}=-Gamma_{bc}^{a}$$

Up to here I can follow. Then it is stated: "Multipliying with $vec{e}^{,b}$ yields the result", but I can’t unterstand how.

If I multiply by $vec{e}^{,b}$ and then sum over $b$, we get

$$vec{e}^{,b}cdot (vec{e}_{,b}cdotpartial_{c}vec{e}^{,a})=-Gamma_{bc}^{a}vec{e}^{,b}$$

How can we simplify the LHS?

One Answer

The usual definition of the Christoffel symbols is $$nabla_mu {bf e}_nu = {bf e}_sigma {Gamma^sigma}_{numu} $$ where $nabla_mu $ is a covaraint derivative and the ${bf e}_mu$ are basis vectors of the tangent space $T(M)$. Your formula differs in sign for some reason. Where does it come from? Are the ${bf e}_a$ an orthonormal basis, and if so what are the ${bf e}^a$? Are they a coframe? If so, the sign is right, but they are not the basis vetors of the tansgent space, but rather of its dual $T^*(M)$. Also if this is the case then for a vector $X= X^a {bf e}_a$ we us the fact that evalauting a covector on a vector returns its components, i.e. ${bf e}^a(X)=X^a$, to see that $$ {bf e}_a {bf e}^a(X)= {bf e}_a X^mu=X. $$ Thus $sum_a {bf e}_a {bf e}^a$ is the identity map from $T(M)to T(M)$. No "$cdot$" is needed between the ${bf e}_a$ and the ${bf e}^a$.

Correct answer by mike stone on April 24, 2021

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