Physics Asked on February 25, 2021
Typically a traveling photon is described as being in a superposition of frequency modes $hat{E} = int g(omega) a^dagger_omega domega + h.c. $ where often the $g(omega)$ is some kind of pulse. Can $g(omega)$ really be a pulse of any bandwidth? Putting it another way: Is the spectral profile of the pulse connected to the frequencies in some kind of way?
For instance if these two things ($g(omega)$ and $a_omega^dagger$) are independent, what stops me from having tiny attosecond pulses with small frequences associated with huge wavelengths (which won’t physically span even a fraction of their wavelength across the distance of the pulse)?
Isn’t that sort of contradictory? I guess if we’re only paying attention to the energy of a photon and not really saying that the "wavelength" is physical then it makes sense to have a tiny pulse associated with small frequencies.
This is a comment:
The photon is a quantum mechanical particle. The wave function describing it mathematically and thus the frequency associated with the wave,$Ψ$ gives the probability as $Ψ^*Ψ$ , a real number, of finding the photon at (x,y,z,t). Te frequency in the wavefunction is the energy of the photon = $h*ν$
When talking of quantum mechanical particles free in vacuum, the plane wave solutions of the quantum mechanical equation are not a good model for them. One uses the wavepacket formalism, but it is a wave packet in the probability space, not in space and time.
which won't physically span even a fraction of their wavelength across the distance of the pulse
There is no distance of the pulse in space in the way you are discussing it. Only the probability of finding the particle at a specific (x,y,z,t).
Answered by anna v on February 25, 2021
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