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Anyon statistics in a lattice Moore-Read state

Physics Asked by varelse on February 26, 2021

I’m trying to understand this paper1, in particular the remark after Eq. 26.

Let me rephrase the problem. According to the paper, one can write the Berry phase as
$$
theta_B=ioint_Gammafrac{1}{C}frac{partial C}{partial w_k} mathrm{d} w_k +c.c.=ioint_Gammafrac{partial ln C}{partial w_k} mathrm{d} w_k +c.c.
$$

where $Gamma$ is the closed path along which we move anyon $k$, whose position is given by a complex number $w_k=x_k+iy_k$ and $C$ is the normalization constant (I consider the simplest case of nondegenerate states, so I drop the index $alpha$). Here, $C=sqrt{sum_{n}Psi_{n}bar{Psi}_{n}}$ where $Psi_{n}$ depend on $w_k$ and not $bar{w}_k$ (the bar denotes complex conjugation). Likewise, $bar{Psi}_{n}$ depend on $bar{w}_k$ and not $w_k$. I’m fine with the derivation of the above equation. But now, according to the paper, if we show that $C$ is lattice-periodic in $w_k$, $bar{w}_k$ (which they show numerically, see Fig. 4b), then $theta_B$ phase is zero, and I do not understand why.

I know that the case considered in the paper is the lattice version of the situation considered in this paper2. In this case, the system is continuous, and thus instead of the periodicity they need to show that $C$ is a constant. And then it is fairly obvious to me that the phase is zero, since all the derivatives vanish. But I don’t know how to extend it to the case when we have periodic $C$ instead of a constant.

In a naive interpretation of the lattice case, we can say that:
$$
oint_Gammafrac{partial ln C}{partial w_k} mathrm{d} w_k=ln C |_{end}-ln C |_{start}
$$

which vanishes, because the start and the end of the path coincide. This reasoning would be correct in the case of real integrals, but I think it does not work for complex contour integrals.

Consider the following counterexample: just one basis state and one anyon (thus I drop the indices) with $Psi=w$. Let us consider $Gamma$ parametrized by $w=e^{it}$, so that $C=sqrt{w bar{w}}=1$ everywhere on the path. A constant is clearly periodic on the path, so according to the naive reasoning the integral should yield 0. But, calculating explicitly
$$
oint_Gammafrac{1}{C}frac{partial C}{partial w} mathrm{d} w=
oint_Gammafrac{1}{2C^2}frac{partial C^2}{partial w} mathrm{d} w=
oint_Gammafrac{1}{2w bar{w}}frac{partial w bar{w}}{partial w} mathrm{d} w=
oint_Gammafrac{1}{2w} mathrm{d} w= pi i
$$

which is not zero. So the periodicity within the path is not enough to guarantee the vanishing of the result. But the lattice periodicity is a stronger claim (a periodicity in two directions). However, I don’t know how to use it to show that the phase vanishes.

Maybe this is a simple issue within the complex analysis. I am not very good in this subject, and all the books I have found focus on the holomorphic functions, while $C$ is clearly not holomorphic. If anyone can recommend a good book where these subjects are discussed, it would also be fine.


  1. S. Manna, J. Wildeboer, G. Sierra & A. E. B. Nielsen, "Non-Abelian quasiholes in lattice Moore-Read states and parent Hamiltonians", Phys. Rev. B 98, 165147 (2018), arXiv:1807.11222.
  2. P. Bonderson, V. Gurarie & C. Nayak, "Plasma Analogy and Non-Abelian Statistics for Ising-type Quantum Hall States", Phys. Rev. B 83, 075303 (2011), arXiv:1008.5194.

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