Physics Asked on December 6, 2021
2D ising model explains phase transition (Para-ferro). How come a 2-D model explain a system where spins are distributed in all three directions?
2D Ising model is not claimed to be the description of real ferromagnetic systems. It is a toy model, unless nontrivial, that admits an exact solution (for the case of $h = 0$) and has a phase transition.
The more realistic model, describing the real magnetism would be an $mathcal{O}(3)$ Heisenberg model in 3D. It is also an approximation to a certain extent.
Answered by spiridon_the_sun_rotator on December 6, 2021
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