What are these light circles over my photos?

Visually inspect the shutter/aperture while in operation. Does it open/close smoothly or does it hesitate? I suspect your shutter is sticking.

I had something similar and it was a piece of debris in my lens. Took me ages to work out it was there so definitely worth a look.

Both photos were taken with raking light. Both have multiple smaller artifacts. The primary artifacts are not on all photos. The camera dates from the late 1950's before more modern lens coatings were common. I suspect that it is internal reflection. The washed out nature of the primary artifact is consistent with that as are the secondary artifacts. I recommend a lens hood as the first step toward resolving the issue