Can I develop my b&w film a year after shooting it?

Yes, you can develop it later, but the results will be dependent to some extent on how well you kept its environment under control - temperature, humidity, light exposure, etc. For best results, I think putting it back in its original canister to block additional light and for sealing, and then keeping it in a temperature controlled environment would be best. Different films are more or less forgiving, but there have been stories of people getting at least usable, if not pristine, images out of undeveloped film found in an attic after years.

But I feel (opinion/preference - no scientific evidence to back it up) that getting it developed, at least to the negative stage, as soon as possible after shot just simply removes a whole lot of variables and provides the best possible chance of preserving the images in the best condition they can be. If you treat it well, you may be able to put off processing, but given the uncertainty of events during that delay, seems like at least less potential risk, if not a real increase in safety.

Ilford Delta is a pretty common film. I am certain you will be able to find a reputable lab to develop it somewhere around (you do not mention where exactly in Germany are you spending your year).

On the other hand, you should not have a problem developing it yourself in a years time. To maximize your chances you should keep it cold - in a fridge, or even better freezer.

Frozen film keeps well for years - there are records of exposed film recovered from failed polar expeditions after tens of years (the most famous probably S. A. Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition of 1897 which was found and successfully developed in 1930).

It's always good practice to develop the film ASAP after exposing it. But given the parameters here, I think you'd be hard pressed to notice anything different about the developed images. My regular backlog is already at six months, and I don't think twice about it. Keep the film in a cool, dry, dark place.

The one exception I can think of here is Ilford Pan F Plus which has notoriously bad latent image keeping. With that film, I wouldn't even wait a week.

As others have noted it's certainly possible to develop film 1-1.5 years after exposure. The quality of the image is dependent on how well the film has been stored (colder is better). The film should be fine going through the typical carry on x-ray machines a couple of times, but if you're paranoid (and I tend to be) politely asking for a hand check of your film usually works.

You've got several potential options available to you:

1. Wait and develop it yourself when you get back home. This carries the risk of the image turning out fogged/damaged if the film isn't stored well.
2. Have a film lab in Germany develop it. I'm not aware of any (never been to Germany myself), but I'd imagine there are at least a couple in the larger metropolitan areas. This of course runs the risk of the lab not developing it properly, or in a fashion you don't like. Maybe having them develop a roll or two as a test would be warranted. If you're really concerned that they'll develop it in a strange way, just ask them! The labs that I've occasionally used were more than happy to describe their b&w film process.
3. Develop it yourself in Germany. You could either bring developing chemicals yourself (sounds iffy), or buy some in Germany. Mail/Internet ordering would be another way to obtain them. BUT you'll need to look into ways of properly disposing of them. This seems like it could be difficult, especially if you're not a citizen/permanent resident (the disposal sites around me ask for some proof that you live in the town and are thus paying taxes for the service).
4. Send the film to someone you trust back home for storage. International shipping may be prohibitively expensive here. And you run the risk of the film being x-rayed and getting fogged.
5. Send the film to be processed at a mail order lab. Ilford has a mail order lab in the UK, and there's bound to be others closer to where you'll be staying. This obviously has both the risks of having a lab develop it (see #2) and shipping the film (see #4).

Of course you can develop the film a year later.

When I was young I had my own developing (closet), I successfully developed a roll of film my dad had from England that was more than 20 years old! (And it was sitting in a shoebox in his closet for most of those years, never in a fridge).

The roll of negatives came out perfectly. Don't sweat it!

Last I checked Germany was rather up there in the photography world.

But anyway, I would be more concerned about carrying undeveloped film back through air travel.

X-rays and film do not mix. You can put them in a metal box, but you would need to pass that for inspection to the security folks to not go through the X-ray machines.

While storing it, you should also keep the rolls inside foil or a metal box. That will help prevent the film form exposure to background radiation that can also fog the images.

In some areas you can also rent darkrooms (if this is also the right word in english). Try to google "Dunkelkammer mieten" (in combination with your location). In bigger urban areas you will find some. E.g. Berlin seems to have a couple. Even a "community darkroom" for just the cost of a low donation.

Yes, you can develop the film a year later. I used to work in the photo lab - as a photo lab tech - at St. Louis Community College - Meramec. It's fun to develop your own black & white film! I highly recommend it! I wouldn't worry about fading. You can easily fix the contrast using an enlarger.

If you want to get even more fancy, scan the printed photo - or take a photograph of it with your phone - and then import it into Adobe Photoshop. There you can correct anything in the photo! Including scratches, dust, fading, etc... Digital imaging - using Photoshop - is a lot of fun too!

If you don't have access to Photoshop, there are a lot of people on the web or at a community college who can help clean photos up. Cleaning up a black & white photo is the most basic skill, which one learns in a digital imaging 101 class. There is usually a lab tech in a digital imaging lab, who is always willing to help out too.

Save your babysitting money & process the film when you return home. Your photos will look great!

35mm film negatives are the ultimate archival medium. Digital technology shelf life is limited. Good luck with hard drive issues, etc.

35mm film cameras were built to last, digital formats break down much quicker, expensive to repair than 35mm.

Photography was made to be captured on 35mm or medium format film. Digital tech. a branch of photography.

I've developed film fifty years after exposure, and several times twenty years or more. "Found film" is a somewhat recognized sub-hobby of thrift store camera shopping.

That said, sooner is generally better. Is it possible you could buy a bottle or two of one of the currently available monobaths (developer and fixer all in one bottle), a developing tank, some negative pages, clips, etc. and a dark bag and process the film yourself before you return? Processed negatives in a negative page are impervious to x-ray damage in airports or other security -- even if the customs people are completely ignorant of what film isa, just hold them up to the light.

The tank and dark bag part of this will easily fit in a case for the future, too.