Can I receive and spend money on PayPal without linking it to my bank account?

If I remember correctly my own experience : no you can't. Paypal will block the money even if it's only for online payement.

Like Bluetie Grasper have said.

Can I create a PayPal account and receive €200 (or a similar amount) without adding a bank account, credit card, or anything but my email address?

The answer is No. You can transfer the money to your PayPal account but until you verify it with your personal information with at least a credit card or mostly likely a bank account, PayPal will hold those funds until otherwise.

Can I then use that money to buy on Amazon, still without adding anything but my email address? If not, can I buy gift cards and use those on Amazon?

Amazon does not accept PayPal.