Minimum frame size in ethernet CSMA/CD

Question

How long sender needs to transmit to capture the channel in Ethernet when we apply CSMA/CD ?
I my book , i have read it sender should be transmitting for at least the 2*PT,where PT is end to end propagation delay.

But i need to understand that whether we need to consider the transmission time that it takes for receiver to transmit the jamming signal on the channel ?

So there are two points

Sender will keep on transmitting till 2*PT. here i assume that as soon as receiver get the first bit of the data it knows about collision and it immediately starts transmitting jamming signal.But when sender gets Jamming signal first but it can detect that collision has occurred
Secondly sender will transmit till (2*PT+Time to transmit Complete jamming signal on the channel),here i assume one way delay is PT,then receiver detects collision as soon as it gets first bit,and then it start transmit the jamming signal and it took receiver some Y time to transmit it on channel and then it reaches sender at PT+Y making effective min. time for sender transmission as PT+PT+Y.

I am not sure if jamming signal is part of data.

Zac67 · Answer

sender should be transmitting for at least the 2*PT,where PT is end to end propagation delay.

Worst case is between senders that are located at opposite ends of a collision domain.
Imagine sender 1 transmitting at one end. Its signal propagates to the far end where sender 2 has just started transmitting as well. Sender 2 detects the collisions, abort the transmissions and generates a jam signal. Now, the jam signal needs to propagate all the way back to sender 1 who needs to still be sending to successfully detect the collision. If it finished sending the frame it'd regard the transmission as successful - the collided frame wouldn't get resent, just lost.

Minimum frame size in ethernet CSMA/CD

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