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What animals were represented in gods in ancient Egypt?

Mythology & Folklore Asked by user4358 on August 29, 2021

I cannot find many animals that were represented as gods and I am writing an essay on ancient Egypt.

One Answer

Animals representations are quite common in Egyptian mythology. Here is a partial list of Ancient Egyptian deities with animal associations and attributes:

Lion: Aker
Pat Remler: Egyptian Mythology, A to Z. Infobase Publishing, 2010, ISBN 1438131801, pp. 4 & 5.

Lion/Hippopotamus/Crocodile: Ammit, the Soul Eater
Hart, George (2005). The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses, Second Edition. Routledge.

Falcon: Anti
"The Contendings of Horus and Seth" in William Kelly Simpson (ed.), The Literature of Ancient Egypt, 1972

African Golden Wolf (formerly Jackal): Anubis
Wilkinson, Toby A. H. (1999), Early Dynastic Egypt. Routledge.

Serpent: Apophis
C.Wolterman, in Jaarbericht van Ex Oriente Lux, (2002)

The Mighty Bull: Apis
Kahl, J. "Ra is My Lord": Searching for the Rise of the Sun God at the Dawn of Egyptian History, 2007, p.59.

Lion/Vulture/Hawk/Snake: Ash
Hart, George, The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses (2nd ed.), 2005, London: Routledge
Francoise Dunand, Christiane Zivie-Coche, Gods and Men in Egypt: 3000 BCE to 395 CE, Cornell University Press 2005, p.344

Baboon: Babi
Hart, George (2005). The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses, Second Edition. Routledge.

Ram: Banebdjedet
Handbook of Egyptian mythology, Geraldine Pinch, p 114-115, Oxford University Press, 2004

Cat: Bast
Serpell, "Domestication and History of the Cat", p. 184.

Grey Heron: Bennu
Wilkinson, Richard H., The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. p. 212

Cow: Hathor
Religion in ancient Egypt: gods, myths, and personal practice, Byron Esely Shafer, John Baines, Leonard H. Lesko, David P. Silverman, p. 24 Fordham University, Taylor & Francis, 1991

Fish: Hatmehit
Wilkinson, Richard H., The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. p.228–229

Scorpion: Hedetet
Wilkinson, Richard H., The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. p. 230

Falcon: Horus
Wilkinson, Richard H., The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. p. 202

Scarab Beetle: Khepri
Hart, George (2005). The Routledge Dictionary of Egyptian Gods and Goddesses. Routledge. pp. 84–85

The Wily Mongoose: Mafdet
Wilkinson, Richard H., The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt, 2003. p. 196

Cobra: Meretseger
"Essays on ancient Egypt in honour of Herman te Velde", Herman te Velde, Jacobus van Dijk, p71, Brill Publishers, 1997

Vulture: Nekhbet
Bailleul-LeSuer, Rozenn (ed), Between Heaven and Earth: Birds in Ancient Egypt. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. pp. 61–62, 138

Lioness: Sekhmet
Oxford Living Dictionaries

Aardvark/Donkey/Jackal/Fox(?): Set
te Velde, Herman (1967). Seth, God of Confusion: A Study of His Role in Egyptian Mythology and Religion. Probleme der Ägyptologie 6. Translated by van Baaren-Pape, G. E. (2nd ed.). Leiden: E. J. Brill.

Crocodile: Sobek
Bresciani, Edda. "Sobek, Lord of the Land of the Lake". In Divine Creatures: Animal Mummies in Ancient Egypt, edited by Salima Ikram, 199–206. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 2005

Hippopotamus: Taweret
Jennifer Houser-Wegner, "Taweret," in The Ancient Gods Speak : A Guide to Egyptian Religion, ed. Donald Redford (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), 351-352.

Ibis: Thoth
Budge, The Gods of the Egyptians Vol. 1 p. 401

Baboon: Thoth
Budge, The Gods of the Egyptians Vol. 1 p. 403

Hare: Unut
Erik Hornung, Conceptions of God in Ancient Egypt: The One and the Many, Cornell University Press 1996, p. 82


To help you with your research efforts, I'm including a note about how I went about compiling information for this answer.

I did a search for Egyptian gods and found a Wikipedia page with an extensive list of Egyptian Deities. (The list may not be 100% complete, but should be sufficient for undergraduate work. IMPORTANT: Wikipedia on it's own is not generally considered acceptable as a source, but the better articles will include citations to scholarly sources, which are acceptable. Any information that does not carry a citation is considered unreliable and must be externally validated. For university-level work, you are expected read the cited source material, which may involve going to the library;)

Using the master list, I checked each entry, checked for citations, then aggregated into a list of animal-deities. For the most part, I avoided repetition of animals. (There are numerous other instances of Egyptian gods represented as lions and lionesses, which relate to warfare, including Mehit, Menhit, Apedemak, Maahes son of Bast, Pakhet and Sheshmetet.)

The wiki for the well-known goddess Sekhmet has a distinct lack of citations, so I went to the Oxford Dictionaries. For your purposes, this may be a suitable reference. For instance, the entry on mighty Apis.

Answered by DukeZhou on August 29, 2021

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