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Yoga on coherent flat sheaves $mathcal{F}$ over projective space $mathbb{P}^n$

MathOverflow Asked on November 3, 2021

I’m reading Mumfords’s Lectures on Curves on an Algebraic Surface (jstor-link: https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1b9x2g3)
and I found in Lecture 7 (RESUME OF THE COHOMOLOGY OF COHERENT SHEAVES ON
$mathbb{P}^n$; p 47) dealing with yoga on coherent
sheaves $F$ over pojective space $mathbb{P}^n$ I found on page 52
a proof I not understand:

Corollary 3: Given a coherent sheaf $mathcal{F}$ on $mathbb{P}^n times S$,
$mathcal{F}$ is flat over $S$
if and only if there exists an $m_0$ such that if $m ge m_0$,
$p_* mathcal{F}(m)$ is
locally free. Hence, in this case, the Hilbert polynomial of on
$mathbb{P}^n _s$ is locally constant.

Proof: If $F$ is flat over $S$, then let $m_0$ be large enough so
that derived image $R^i p_*(mathcal{F}(m))=(0)$, if $i>0, m ge m_0$.
Using Corollary $1$ and $1 frac{1}{2}$ one deduces that
$p_*(mathcal{F}(m)) otimes k(s)$ maps onto $H^0(mathbb{P}^n _s, mathcal{F}_s(m))$
for all $sin S, m ge m_0$. Then by (iii), $p_* mathcal{F}(m)$ is locally free.
As for converse […]

In original:

enter image description here

Problem: The "…Then by (iii), $p_* mathcal{F}(m)$ is locally free…" part I not understand.
(iii) (on page 51) states:

enter image description here

By above we know $p_*(mathcal{F}(m)) otimes k(s) to H^0(mathbb{P}^n _s, mathcal{F}_s(m))$
is surjective, that is we can apply (iii) to $i=1$ and deduce
$R^1p_*(mathcal{F}(m))$ is locally free sheaf. But Mumford claims this for
$p_* mathcal{F}(m)= R^0 p_* mathcal{F}(m)$.

Is this an error in the proof or do I miss something?

One Answer

I think you can apply $(iii)$ with $i = 0$ to obtain that $p_*mathcal{F}(m)$ is locally free. Since the surjectivity of the base change map in degree $i-1 = -1$ is trivial, you only need the surjectivity in degree $i=0$ required by the condition in $(ii)$.

In summary, you use the base change theorem several times. From Serre's vanishing theorem, you have $H^1(mathbb{P}_s^n,mathcal{F}(m)) = 0$ for $m$ large enough and all $sin S$. From $(ii)$ with $i=1$, you get that $R^1p_*mathcal{F}(m) = 0$. From $(iii)$ with $i=1$, you get that $R^0p_*mathcal{F}(m) otimes k(s) rightarrow H^0(mathbb{P}_s^n,mathcal{F}(m))$ is surjective for every $s$ in $S$ ($R^1p_*mathcal{F}(m)$ is zero so locally free). Then, you use $(iii)$ with $i=0$ as I explained above to deduce that $p_*mathcal{F}(m)$ is locally free.

I hope everything is correct.

Answered by user158892 on November 3, 2021

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