Mathematics Asked on December 21, 2021
In Chapter IV. A Sequent Calculus in Ebbinghaus’ Mathematical Logic, a sequent is defined as:
If we call a nonempty list (sequence) of formulas a sequent, then we can use sequents to describe "stages in a proof". For instance, the "stage" with assumptions $phi_1,dots,phi_n$
and claim $phi$ is rendered by the sequent $phi_1dots phi_n phi$. The sequence $phi_1 dotsphi_n$ is called the antecedent and $phi$ the succedent of the sequent $phi_1dots phi_n phi$.
and a sequent is defined to be derivable:
If, in the calculus $mathfrak{S}$, there is a derivation of the sequent $Gamma phi$, then we write
$vdash Gamma phi$ and say that $Gamma phi$ is derivable.1.1 Definition. A formula $phi$ is formally provable or derivable from a set $Phi$
of formulas (written: $Phi vdash phi$) if and only if there are finitely many formulas
$phi_1,dots,phi_n$ in $Phi$ such that $vdash phi_1 dotsphi_n phi$
Question: What is the definition of "a derivation of the sequent $Gamma phi$"? (Has it been defined in the book?)
Is "a derivation of the sequent $Gamma phi$" defined as a sequence of sequents, where
Thanks.
The book gives rules of inference
We divide the rules of the sequent calculus $mathfrak{S}$ into the following categories:
structural rules (2.1, 2.2), connective rules (2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6), quantifier
rules (4.1,4.2) and equality rules (4.3,4.4).
All the inference rules have the form of
$$ frac{sequent}{sequent} $$
except two inference rules which have no sequent in their assumption parts:
$$ frac{}{Gamma phi} $$
if $phi$ is a member of $Gamma$.
and
4.3 Reflexivity Rule for Equality (==).
$$ frac{}{t==t} $$
It seems that an explicit definition of "derivation" is lacking.
The first occurrence of the term is at page 16, in the context of the calculus of terms.
The calculus is a set of rules to generate terms.
The process to produce terms is described:
We say that one can derive the string $s$ in the calculus of terms. The derivation just described can be given schematically as follows: [a sequence of terms with the corresponding rule].
The same for formulas [page 17].
Thus, a derivation in the calculus of sequents is a sequence of sequents ["we use sequents to describe "stages in a proof" ", page 60], where each sequent is produced from the previous ones according to the rules of the calculus.
This is the usual notion of derivation in a formal system: the only difference is that the "building block" is not a single formula but a sequent.
Answered by Mauro ALLEGRANZA on December 21, 2021
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