Mathematics Asked on January 3, 2022
In a paper on Risk theory that I am reading, it is stated that unlike convergence in $L_p$, $1leq p<infty$, converges in measure is preserved within a collection of probability measures that are absolutely continuous. That is,
Suppose $mu$ and $nu$ are probability measures on a measurable space $(Omega,mathcal{F})$ and $null mu$. If the sequence $X_n$ of random variables converging to $X$ in $mu$-measure, then $X_n$ converges to $X$ in $nu$-measure.
This seems to be an easy enough problem, but I don’t have a clear idea of how to start. I would appreciate any hints.
This statement can be obtained as a consequence of the following Lemma:
Lemma: If $nullmu$ and $nu$ is finite (as is in your case) then for any $varepsilon>0$, there is $delta>0$ such that for any $Ainmathcal{F}$, $$ nu(A)<deltaquadtext{implies}quadmu(A)<varepsilon $$
A leave a short proof of this at the end of this answer.
To apply the Lemma to your situation, fix $alpha>0$ and $varepsilon>0$. Let $delta>0$ be as in the Lemma. Since $X_nxrightarrow{nrightarrowinfty}X$ in $mu$ measure, there is $n_0inmathbb{N}$ such that $$ mu(|X_n-X|>alpha)<deltaqquad ngeq n_0 $$ Then by the Lemma $$ nu(|X_n-X|>alpha)<varepsilonqquad ngeq n_0 $$ This shows that indeed, $X_nxrightarrow{nrightarrowinfty}X$ in $nu$-measure.
Short proof of Lemma:
$Longrightarrow$: Suppose that for any $varepsilon>0$, there is $delta>0$
such that $|nu(A)|<varepsilon$ whenever $Ainmathcal{F}$ and
$mu(A)<delta$.
If $mu(E)=0$ then
$nu(E)<varepsilon$ for all $varepsilon>0$; consequently $nu(E)=0$. This means that $nullmu$.
$Longleftarrow$: In the other direction, suppose that there exist $varepsilon>0$ for which there is a sequence ${A_n}subsetmathscr{F}$ with $mu(A_n)<2^{-n}$ but $nu(A_n)geq varepsilon$. Define $A=bigcap_nbigcup_{mgeq n}A_m$. Clearly $mu(A)=0$. however, $$ infty>nu(Omega)geq nu(A)=lim_nnu(bigcup_{mgeq n}A_m)geqliminf_nnu(A_n)geqvarepsilon. $$ Which means that $nu$ is not absolutely continuous with respect to $mu$.
Answered by Oliver Diaz on January 3, 2022
Hint:
For finite measures, use this wiki fact: A sequence $X_n$ converges to $X$ in measure if and only if for any subsequence $X_{n_k}$ there is a sub-subsequence $X_{n_{k_h}}$ that converges to $X$ almost everywhere.
Then compare (for the relevant sub-subsequence): $$ mu({omega in Omega: X_{n_{k_h}}(omega) mathrm{; does; not ; converge ; to ;} X(omega) }) $$
and
$$ nu({omega in Omega: X_{n_{k_h}}(omega) mathrm{; does; not ; converge ; to ;} X(omega) }) $$
Answered by ir7 on January 3, 2022
Get help from others!
Recent Questions
Recent Answers
© 2024 TransWikia.com. All rights reserved. Sites we Love: PCI Database, UKBizDB, Menu Kuliner, Sharing RPP