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Is a column-wise and row-wise Gaussian matrix, jointly Gaussian?

Mathematics Asked by kvphxga on December 29, 2021

Let $Ainmathbb{R}^{ntimes m}$ be a random matrix that each of its rows or columns is a Gaussian vector with iid components. More formally we have $A_{i,cdot}simmathcal{N}(0,I_m),A_{cdot,j}simmathcal{N}(0,I_n)$ for all $iin[n],jin[m]$, and furthermore, $mathrm{law}(A)$ has support almost everywhere. Is $mathrm{law}(A)$ a multivariate Gaussian?

Example ($m=n=2$): let $A=left[begin{matrix}a& b\ c & dend{matrix}right]$. Assuming that $(a,b),(c,d),(a,c),(b,d)simmathrm{N}(0,I_2)$, and $mathrm{support}(mathop{law}(A))$ is non-zero almost everywhere. Is $mathop{law}(a,b,c,d)$ a multivariate Gaussian?

Possible generalization: if each row and column follow a multivariate p-Stable distribution, namely Cauchy for $p=1$, would the matrix follow a joint p-Stable distribution?

One Answer

No. Answer to a previous version of the problem:

Let $X,Ysim N(0,1)$ iid, let $S=pm1$ be independent of $X,Y$ and let $$A=pmatrix{X&Y\Y&S X}.$$ Note that $SXsim N(0,1)$, and $(X,Y)sim N(0,I_2)$, $(Y,SX)sim N(0,I_2)$ but $(X,SX)nsim N(0,I_2)$.

With the current, changed version of the problem: There are rvs $X,Z$ which are marginally $N(0,1)$ but not jointly Gaussian, whose joint density function is positive everywhere. (For example, let $f(x,z)=3phi(x,z)/2$ in the 1st and 3d quadrants and $f(x,z)=phi(x,z)/2$ in the 2nd and 4th quadrants, where $phi$ is the density of $N(0,I_2)$. Now construct $$A=pmatrix{X&Y_1\Y_2&Z},$$ where $Y_1,Y_2$ are independent $N(0,1)$ rv.s

Answered by kimchi lover on December 29, 2021

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