Mathematics Asked by Perfectoid on December 19, 2020
Suppose that $100$kg of a radioactive substance decays to $80$kg in $20$ years.
a) Find the half-life of the substance (round to the nearest year).
b)Write down a function $y(t)$ ($t$ in years) modeling the amount (in kg) of the radioactive substance at time $t$.
If $A_t$ is the amount left at time $t$, $A_0$ is the initial amount and $k$ is the rate constant for the first order reaction, we know for the radioactive decay (which is first order reaction) -
$displaystyle A_t = A_0e^{-kt} ,$ ...(i)
or $ , displaystyle ln (frac{A_t}{A_0}) = -kt$
As $A_0 = 100, A_t = 80, t = 20, -> , displaystyle ln (frac{80}{100}) = -20k$
$displaystyle k = -frac{ln 0.8}{20}$ ...(ii)
At half life, $displaystyle ln (frac{50}{100}) = -kt_{1/2}$ or $displaystyle t_{1/2} = - frac {ln (0.5)}{k} = 20 times frac {ln (0.5)} {ln(0.8)} approx 62.1$ years.
Now, find $k$ using equation $(ii)$ and plug $k$ and $A_0 = 100$ into equation $(i)$ and that is your answer to $(b)$.
Answered by Math Lover on December 19, 2020
Hint: You have the radioactive decay law: $$N(t)=N_0e^{-lambda t}$$ You have $N=80$ the time $t$ and $N_0=100$ deduce $lambda$. Then half life $T$ is: $$N=dfrac {N_0}2$$ $$dfrac {N_0}2=N_0e^{-lambda T}$$ $$implies dfrac 12=e^{-lambda T}$$ $$ T=dfrac {ln 2}{lambda}$$
Answered by Aryadeva on December 19, 2020
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