Mathematics Asked by Luiza Silva on September 24, 2020
the exercise is: show that the set $A={x=(x_n)subset l_2: sum(1+frac{1}{i})x_i^2)leq 1}$ doesn’t contain an element with norm equal to $sup{|x|_2,xin A}$.
My attempt: i showed that $forall xin A, |x|_2^2=sum x_i^2< sum x_i^2+frac{x_i^2}{i}leq 1$. And $sup_{xin A} |x|=1$. Using that $l_2$ is a Hilbert space, is there a way to show that, supposing that exists an element that there is norm equal to $sup{|x|_2,xin A}$, find some contradiction? This exercise i found at functional analysis and infinite-dimensional geometry- Marián Fabian.
Consider $xin A$. Since for all $ige 1$ we have $x_i^2le (i+1/i)x_i^2$ we conclude by adding these inequalities that $Vert xVert_2^2le 1$, so $$sup_{xin A}Vert xVert_2le 1.$$ Now, if we define $x^{(k)}inell_2$ by $x^{(k)}_k=1/sqrt{1+1/k}$ and $x^{(k)}_i=0$ for $ine k$, then $x^{(k)}in A$ and $$Vert x^{(k)}Vert_2=frac{1}{sqrt{1+1/k}}le sup_{xin A}Vert xVert_2le 1$$ But since $k$ is arbitrary we conclude by letting $k$ tend to $infty$ that $$ sup_{xin A}Vert xVert_2=1.$$
Now, suppose that there exists $yin A$ such that $Vert yVert_2=1$ then $$sum_{ige1}frac1i y_i^2= sum_{ige1}left(1+frac1i right)y_i^2 -sum_{ige1}y_i^2le1-Vert yVert_2^2=0$$ Thus $$sum_{ige1}frac1i y_i^2=0$$ So $y_i=0$ for all $i$ and this contradicts the fact that $Vert yVert_2=1$. This contradiction proves that there is no $yin A$ such that $Vert yVert_2=1$. $qquadsquare$
Correct answer by Omran Kouba on September 24, 2020
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