Opening embedded canvas in new window with all layers

Question

I am creating a standalone custom PyQGIS application and have some questions regarding canvas.
I have read the cookbook:
https://docs.qgis.org/testing/en/docs/pyqgis_developer_cookbook/canvas.html
They mentioned that you can open the canvas with
canvas = QgsMapCanvas()
canvas.show()

However, I have already embedded the canvas into my GUI. I wish to have the embedded canvas with all my layers in it pop up as a separate window when I click a button. I have tried this:
self.canvas = QgsMapCanvas(self.centralwidget)
self.canvas.show()

But it doesn't work.
QtDesigner test Code:
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        MainWindow.resize(800, 600)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton)
        self.widget = QgsMapCanvas(self.centralwidget)
        self.widget.setObjectName("widget")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.widget)
        MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 26))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)

def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Fullscreen"))
from qgis.gui import QgsMapCanvas

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

Main code:
class Main(QtWidgets.QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(Main, self).__init__(parent)
        self.setupUi(self)

self.pushbutton.clicked.connect(self.makeFullscreen)

def makeFullscreen(self):
        self.widget.show()

The output should be a canvas in a new window after clicking the button.

Kadir Şahbaz · Accepted Answer

Review this script. It creates a new QMainWindow and moves the existing map canvas to that window. I've made some changes. Firstly, add a file path (to QgsVectorLayer) to be displayed in map canvas.
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from qgis.gui import QgsMapCanvas
from qgis.core import QgsVectorLayer

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
        self.main_window = MainWindow
        self.main_window.setObjectName("MainWindow")
        self.main_window.resize(800, 600)
        self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(self.main_window)
        self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
        self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
        self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
        self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.centralwidget)
        self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton)
        self.widget = QgsMapCanvas(self.centralwidget)
        self.widget.setObjectName("widget")
        self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.widget)
        self.main_window.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
        self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(self.main_window)
        self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 26))
        self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
        self.main_window.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
        self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(self.main_window)
        self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
        self.main_window.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)

self.retranslateUi(self.main_window)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(self.main_window)

self.pushButton.clicked.connect(self.open_new_mapcanvas_window)
        # add a layer to map canvas
        self.layer = QgsVectorLayer("ADD/FILE/PATH", 'layer', 'ogr')
        self.widget.setExtent(self.layer.extent())
        self.widget.setLayers([self.layer])

def open_new_mapcanvas_window(self):
        self.new_window = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
        self.new_window.showMaximized()
        self.new_window.setCentralWidget(self.widget)
        self.new_window.show()

def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
        self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "Fullscreen"))

class Main(QtWidgets.QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(Main, self).__init__(parent)
        self.setupUi(self)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    ui = Ui_MainWindow()
    ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
    MainWindow.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

If you don't want to move existing map canvas to new window, change open_new_mapcanvas_window as below. This method creates a new window including a new map canvas object containing same layers.
def open_new_mapcanvas_window(self):
    self.new_window = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
    self.new_window.showMaximized()
    self.new_canvas = QgsMapCanvas(self.new_window)
    self.new_canvas.setLayers(self.widget.layers())
    self.new_canvas.setExtent(self.layer.extent())
    self.new_window.setCentralWidget(self.new_canvas)
    self.new_window.show()

Opening embedded canvas in new window with all layers

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