Word for geopolitical division of the world

In Norwegian, we have two words: “verdensdel” and “kontinent”. The former is a word that describes a geopolitical division of the world, “verdens” = “world” ; “del” = “part”. The latter is simply a word that describes a big land mass not connected to the other landmasses (being too large for merely an island status). So, a verdensdel is Europe, or Asia. A kontinent is Eurasia, or Australia. Australia is not a verdensdel, as it is only a country, a part of the verdensdel that is Oceania. But Australia is a kontinent, because of its size.

I think you get my point. Thing is, this distinction seems to be gone in English, as both of the words will simply translate to “continent”. So, is there a word for verdensdel?