English Language & Usage Asked on December 8, 2020
The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (Page 171-2):
[22] i When we get there, they’ll probably still be having lunch. [aspectual meaning]
ii Will you be going to the shops this afternoon? [special meaning]
iii When the meeting ends we’ll be flying to Bonn. [ambiguous]
(Discussion of [22i] and [22ii] omitted.)
The distinctness between the two meanings is seen clearly in the ambiguity of [22iii]. On the progressive aspectuality reading, we will already be flying to Bonn when the meeting ends; on the ‘already decided future’ interpretation, the when adjunct says when we will leave. The first is imperfective, with reference to a mid-interval; the second is perfective, just as in the non-progressive we’ll fly, which, however, suggests that the decision is being made now. This use is particularly common with will, but it is also found with, for example, the idiom be going, as in Are you going to be helping them again this year? (where the non-progressive might again be construed as a request).
In the special meaning (aka, the ‘already decided future’ interpretation), [22iii] seems to mean that we’re the ones who participate in the meeting, and that we’re scheduled to fly to Bonn right after the meeting ends.
Am I right?
Also, what if will be flying was replaced with are flying?
(1) When the meeting ends we’re flying to Bonn.
Can (1) have both the aspectual meaning and the special meaning? Or can (1) have only the special meaning?
iii When the meeting ends we’ll be flying to Bonn.
This doesn't strictly specify that "we're the ones who participate in the meeting". That would be the most sensible explanation for why the sentence includes these two clauses, but the sentence could be logically true even if the meeting has nothing to do with us. The dependent clause "When the meeting ends" doesn't actually contain any element that is grammatically connected to the word "we" in the independent clause.
Sentence iii does mean, more or less, that "we're scheduled to fly to Bonn right after the meeting ends". I wouldn't necessarily use the word "scheduled", because that seems to suggest that there has to be a formal or communicated plan: in fact, I think the sentence could just as well refer to an informal plan. I would say that "we'll be flying to Bonn" in this sense is synonymous with "we're going to fly to Bonn".
(1) When the meeting ends we’re flying to Bonn.
It is not strictly impossible for this sentence to have the aspectual (progressive) meaning of "be _ing", but that interpretation would be rare, because with an aspectual reading, there aren't many circumstances where the present tense is appropriate. The best frame I can come up with is a "historic present" or a present-tense narrative, like this:
They call me while I'm getting on the plane to tell me that the meeting is starting. When the meeting ends we’re flying to Bonn.
It feels weird, but actually, even iii seems awkward to me in the "aspectual" interpretation, because it's hard to imagine how someone could already be in the process of flying somewhere right at the end of a meeting. I had to imagine that the meeting is going on somewhere else, and so the people who are flying on the plane just hear about it on the phone.
Answered by herisson on December 8, 2020
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